Orbital Velocity

Orbital Velocity is a Science & Technology concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 4 past MPSC questions across 4 exam years between 2015 and 2023. Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.

Real questions

Years tested

4 · 2015–2023

In context

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Asked in

2023 2020 2019 2015

What you need to know first

Gravitational Potential EnergyOrbital mechanics

Real questions that test this

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर आहे ? Which of the following statement is correct ?

a)ग्रहांचा वेग सूर्यापासून जास्तीत जास्त अंतर असताना सर्वात कमी आणि सूर्यापासून कमीत कमी अंतर असताना सर्वात जास्त असतो. / The speed of Planet is faster when they are nearer to the sun and slower when they are farther away from the sun.✓ Correct

b)ग्रहांचा वेग सूर्यापासून जास्तीत जास्त अंतर असताना सर्वात जास्त आणि सूर्यापासून कमीत कमी अंतर असताना सर्वात कमी असतो. / The speed of Planet is faster when they are farther from the sun and slower when they are nearer to the sun.

c)ग्रहांचा वेग सूर्यापासून जास्तीत जास्त व कमीत कमी अंतर असताना सारखाच असतो. / The speed of Planet is same when they are nearer to the sun or farther away from the sun.

d)ग्रहांचा वेग सूर्यापासून जास्तीत जास्त व कमीत कमी अंतर असताना सर्वात जास्त असतो. / The speed of Planet is faster when they are nearer to the sun or farther away from the sun.

According to Kepler's second law (Law of Areas), a planet moves faster when it is closer to the sun (perihelion) and slower when it is farther away (aphelion).

पृथ्वीच्या केंद्रापासून R इतक्या अंतरावर m इतक्या वस्तुमानाचा एका अग्निबाणाला गतिमान होण्यासाठी लागणारी ऊर्जा E = GmM_e (1/R_e - 1/R) इतकी आहे. तर ह्या अग्निबाणाला पृथ्वीच्या गुरुत्वाकर्षण क्षेत्रापासून पूर्णतः निसटण्यासाठी कमीत कमी किती वेग दिला पाहिजे ? The amount of energy needed to move a rocket having mass m from the surface of the Earth to a distance R from the Earth's center is E = GmM_e (1/R_e - 1/R). What is the minimum velocity, the rocket must have in order to completely escape the Earth's gravitational field ?

a)(2Gm/R_e)^(1/2)

b)(2GME_e/R_e)^(1/2)✓ Correct

c)(2gh)^(1/2)

d)(2mGRe)^(1/2)

The escape velocity from the Earth's gravitational field is derived by setting the total mechanical energy to zero, yielding v = sqrt(2GMe / Re).

पृथ्वीभोवती वर्तुळाकार कक्षेत फिरणाऱ्या उपग्रहा $E_k$ इतकी गतिज ऊर्जा आहे. पृथ्वीच्या क्षेत्रातून बाहेर निसरण्यासाठी किमान केवढी ऊर्जा दिली पाहिजे? A satellite having circular orbit around the earth has a kinetic energy $E_k$. What is the minimum amount of energy to be added so that it escapes from the earth ?

1)E_k/4

2)E_k/2

3)E_k✓ Correct

4)2E_k

Total energy of a satellite in a circular orbit is negative and equals -Ek. To escape to infinity, total energy must become zero, requiring an additional energy equal to its kinetic energy Ek.

उपग्रहमध्ये, अंतराळवीर हा वजनरहित अवस्था अनुभवतो कारण ______

(a)उपग्रहाच्या आतील पृष्ठभागाकडून अंतराळवीरार प्रयुक्त होणारे बल हे शून्य असते.

(b)अंतराळवीर व उपग्रहाचा पृष्ठभाग एकमेकाकडे आकर्षितले जातात.

(c)अंतराळवीर हा कोणत्याही गुरुत्वीय बलाने आकर्षितला जात नाही.

(d)वरीलपैकी कोणतेही नाही

1)अ, ब आणि क

2)फक्त अ आणि ब

3)फक्त अ आणि क

4)फक्त ड✓ Correct

Inside an orbiting satellite, an astronaut experiences weightlessness because both the satellite and the astronaut are in free fall towards the Earth under gravity, making the normal reaction force from the floor zero, leading to option 4 (none of the above statements are correct in the way standard physics options are framed here as 'फक्त ड').

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