Humus Formation is a Environment concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 3 past MPSC questions (2013, 2020). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.
bacteria into humus. The process involved in the early stages of this transformation depends throughout on oxidation : afterwards it takes place in the absence of air. The process is entirely sanitary. There is no nuisance of any kind - no smell, no flies, no dustbins, no incinerators, no artificial sewage system, no water - borne diseases, no town councils, and no rats. On the contrary, the forest affords a place for the ideal summer holiday with sufficient shade and an abundance of pure fresh air. All over the surface of the woods the conversion of vegetable and animal wastes into humus is never so rapid as during the holiday months - July to September.
The mineral matter needed by the trees and the undergrowth is obtained from the subsoil. This is collected in dilute solution in water by the deeper roots, which also help in anchoring the trees. Even in soils markedly deficient in phosphorus, trees have no difficulty in obtaining ample supplies of this element. Potash, phosphate, and other minerals are always collected in situ and carried by the transpiration current for use in the green leaves. Afterwards they are either used in growth or deposited on the floor of the forest in the form of vegetable waste being one of the constituents needed in the synthesis of humus. This humus is again utilized by the roots of the trees. Nature’s farming, as seen in the forest, is characterized by two things, a constant circulation of the mineral matter absorbed by the trees and a constant addition of new mineral matter from the vast reserves held in the subsoil.
खालील विधाने पहा :
आता सांगा :
Consider the following statements :
Now state whether
(a)पोटॅश व फॉस्फेट इतर ठिकाणाहून आणली जातात. / Potash and phosphate are brought from elsewhere
(b)त्यांचा उपयोग केवळ खत निर्मितीत होतो. / They are used only in the formation of humus.
1)दोन्ही विधाने बरोबर / Both are correct
2)दोन्ही विधाने चूक / Both are incorrect✓ Correct
3)(a) बरोबर तर (b) चूक / (a) is correct (b) is not
4)(b) बरोबर तर (a) चूक / (b) is correct (a) is not
In a natural forest ecosystem, potash and phosphate are derived from natural soil minerals and organic matter recycling, not imported from elsewhere (Statement a is false). They serve multiple physiological and structural roles in plants, not just humus formation (Statement b is false).
bacteria into humus. The process involved in the early stages of this transformation depends throughout on oxidation : afterwards it takes place in the absence of air. The process is entirely sanitary. There is no nuisance of any kind - no smell, no flies, no dustbins, no incinerators, no artificial sewage system, no water - borne diseases, no town councils, and no rats. On the contrary, the forest affords a place for the ideal summer holiday with sufficient shade and an abundance of pure fresh air. All over the surface of the woods the conversion of vegetable and animal wastes into humus is never so rapid as during the holiday months - July to September.
The mineral matter needed by the trees and the undergrowth is obtained from the subsoil. This is collected in dilute solution in water by the deeper roots, which also help in anchoring the trees. Even in soils markedly deficient in phosphorus, trees have no difficulty in obtaining ample supplies of this element. Potash, phosphate, and other minerals are always collected in situ and carried by the transpiration current for use in the green leaves. Afterwards they are either used in growth or deposited on the floor of the forest in the form of vegetable waste being one of the constituents needed in the synthesis of humus. This humus is again utilized by the roots of the trees. Nature’s farming, as seen in the forest, is characterized by two things, a constant circulation of the mineral matter absorbed by the trees and a constant addition of new mineral matter from the vast reserves held in the subsoil.
खालील विधानांचा विचार करा.
Consider the following statements :
(a)वनखते तयार होण्याची प्रक्रिया वायुजीवी व बिनवायुजीवी असते. / Forest manuring is both aerobic and anaerobic.
(b)वन खते प्रक्रिया सतावणारी नसते असे नाही / Forest manuring is not hastle free.
1)दोन्ही विधाने बरोबर / Both are correct
2)दोन्ही विधाने चूक / Both are incorrect
3)(a) बरोबर तर (b) चूक / (a) is correct (b) is not✓ Correct
4)(b) बरोबर तर (a) चूक / (b) is correct (a) is not
Forest manuring involves both aerobic and anaerobic decomposition processes (Statement a is correct). However, saying it is 'not hassle-free' contradicts natural forest nutrient cycles which occur independently without human hassle (Statement b is incorrect).
खालीलपैकी कोणती विधाने अचूक आहेत ? / The correct statements from the following are :
(a)गाळणे ही भौतिक क्रिया आहे. / Filtration is a physical action.
(b)मातीमध्ये तयार झालेल्या ऑक्सिजनची वातावरणातील कार्बन डायऑक्साइड बरोबरची अदलाबदल तापमानावर अवलंबून असते. / The interchange of oxygen produced in soil and atmospheric carbon dioxide is temperature dependent.
(c)सांडपाणी, जमिनीची सुपीकता वाढवते. / Sewage increases the fertility of soil.
(d)सेंद्रिय पदार्थाचे अपघटन हे एरोबिक किंवा नॉनएरोबिक जीवाणू द्वारे होते. / Decomposition of organic matter by bacteria could be aerobic or Non-aerobic.
1)फक्त (a) आणि (c) / Only (a) and (c)
2)फक्त (a) आणि (d) / Only (a) and (d)
3)फक्त (b) आणि (d) / Only (b) and (d)
4)(a), (c) आणि (d) / (a), (c) and (d)✓ Correct
Statements (a), (c), and (d) are correct: filtration is a physical process, treated sewage can add nutrients to soil increasing fertility, and organic matter decomposes via aerobic or non-aerobic bacteria.