Solid waste management

Solid waste management is a Environment concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 4 past MPSC questions (2017, 2019). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.

Real questions

Years tested

2 · 2017–2019

In context

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Asked in

2019 2017

What you need to know first

Basic environmental science terms

Real questions that test this

प्लास्टिकचा पुनर्वापर, उत्पादन व वापर कायदा 1991 प्रमाणे कॅरीबॅग साठी वापरण्यात येणाऱ्या प्लास्टिकची जाडी किती मायक्रॉन असावी ? As per the Recycled Plastic Manufacture and Usage Rule 1991, what should be thickness of carry bags ?

1)10 मायक्रॉन पेक्षा कमी / Less than 10 microns

2)15 मायक्रॉन पेक्षा कमी / Less than 15 microns

3)20 मायक्रॉन पेक्षा कमी / Less than 20 microns

4)वरीलपैकी एकही नाही / None of the above✓ Correct

Under the initial Recycled Plastic Manufacture and Usage Rules 1991, the specified minimum thickness for carry bags was set to 20 microns (later amended in subsequent years).

Bottled Water and Its Environmental Cost The next time you buy a bottle of drinking water, you need to pause and think. You may not bat an eyelid shelling out ₹ 15 for a litre of bottled water but what you don't realise is that you are actually paying over 4,200 times of what you normally pay for a litre of tap water. The economics of drinking water has always baffled me. What is perplexing is that the average urban middle class squirms and protests if the Delhi Jal Board, for instance, tries to 'nominally' raise the price of tap water. Paying a little over one paise for three litres of tap water (DJB prices tap water at ₹ 3.50 per 1000 litres) they feel they are already being made to pay through the nose. Price being of little constraint for the consumers, the global bottled water industry is galloping. In 2004, the world consumed 154 billion litres, of which India's share was 5.1 billion litres. Expected to grow at 40 percent annually, the ₹ 1,800-crore bottle water industry is experiencing unprecedented boom with over 1200 water factories doing business throughout the country. If you think bottled water assures you of purity and safety, it is time you think again. Even in the U.S., despite strict quality norms formulated by the Food and Drug Administration, it is safely assumed that nearly 40 percent of the bottled water is repacked pipe water. Shockingly, what is little known is that more than five litres of water is required to produce every litre of packed water. In other words, 770 billion litres of water were used to produce and pack the 154 billion litres of water that the world consumed in 2004. What a colossal waste ! Bottled water also has additional, hidden environmental costs. According to the Pacific Institute in California, the entire process of making plastic for the bottles requires huge energy. In America alone, where nearly 26 billion litres of bottled water was consumed in 2004, an equivalent of 20 million barrels of oil was

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान प्लॅस्टिकच्या बाटल्यांचा वापर करण्यासंबंधी बरोबर नाही ?

(a)जागतिक जल उद्योगधंदा घोडदौड करत आहे.

(b)भारतारात 1200 बाटलीबंद पाण्याचे कारखाने आहेत.

(c)संयुक्त संस्थानात 50 टक्के बाटलीबंद पाणी नळाच्या पाण्याचा पुन्हा बाटलीबंद केले जाते.

(d)प्लॅस्टिकच्या बाटल्यांच्या जमिनी साठ्यामुळे भूजल प्रदूषण होते.

1)फक्त अ आणि ब

2)फक्त क आणि ड

3)फक्त क✓ Correct

4)फक्त ड

Statement 'c' is incorrect regarding bottled water statistics in this specific context, making it the right choice for the question asking what is NOT correct.

सक्षमीकरण आणि सामाजिक समावेशनातील फरक म्हणजे : अ. एकाचा (पहिल्याचा) संबंध संपत्ती व मालमत्तेच्या मालकीशी आहे तर दुसऱ्याचा संबंध व्यवस्थेतील संस्थात्मक अडथळे दूर करण्याशी आहे. ब. एकाचा संबंध क्षमता वाढविण्याशी तर दुसऱ्याचा संपत्ती साधन पर्यंतची पोच वाढविण्याशी आहे. क. एक (उर्ध्वगामी) खालून वर पद्धतीने वापरला जातो तर दुसरा (अधोगामी) वरून खाली पद्धतीने. वरीलपैकी कोणते/कोणता विधाने बरोबर आहे/त ?

(a)एकाचा (पहिल्याचा) संबंध संपत्ती व मालमत्तेच्या मालकीशी आहे तर दुसऱ्याचा संबंध व्यवस्थेतील संस्थात्मक अडथळे दूर करण्याशी आहे.

(b)एकाचा संबंध क्षमता वाढविण्याशी तर दुसऱ्याचा संपत्ती साधन पर्यंतची पोच वाढविण्याशी आहे.

(c)एक (उर्ध्वगामी) खालून वर पद्धतीने वापरला जातो तर दुसरा (अधोगामी) वरून खाली पद्धतीने.

1)अ फक्त

2)ब फक्त

3)क फक्त

4)अ, ब, क तीनही✓ Correct

Empowerment and social inclusion differ in multiple dimensions: empowerment deals with assets/capabilities and bottom-up approaches, while social inclusion deals with removing institutional barriers and top-down/structural adjustments.

जोड्या जुळवा : स्तंभ I (कचऱ्याची विल्हेवाट लावण्याची पद्धत) अ. कचरा डेपो ब. भस्म करणे क. ढवळणे ड. पॅरोलिसिस Match the following : Column I (Waste Disposal Method) a. Sanitary landfills b. Incineration c. Pulverizing d. Pyrolysis स्तंभ II (अर्थ) I. कचरा जाळणे II. कचरा टाकणे आणि बुलडोझरच्या साहाय्याने दाबणे III. ऑक्सिजन विरहीत ज्वलन IV. जमिनीवर कचरा पसरविणे Column II (Meaning) I. Burning of waste II. Deposit the refuse and compost it with bulldozers III. Combustion in absence of oxygen IV. Spreading the waste on fields

(a)कचरा डेपो / Sanitary landfills

(b)भस्म करणे / Incineration

(c)ढवळणे / Pulverizing

(d)पॅरोलिसिस / Pyrolysis

1)II I III IV

2)II I IV III✓ Correct

3)I II III IV

4)IV III II I

Sanitary landfills mean depositing refuse and compressing it with bulldozers (a-II). Incineration means burning of waste (b-I). Pulverizing means spreading the waste on fields or mechanical crushing (c-IV). Pyrolysis is thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen (d-III).

More Environment concepts

Global warming Greenhouse gases Deforestation Agricultural Economics Biodiversity hotspots Climate Change SONAR Human Development Air Pollution Biosphere Reserves Carbon footprint Montreal Protocol

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