Species richness
Species richness is a Environment concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 3 past MPSC questions (2015, 2022, 2024). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.
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अल्फा, बिटा व गामा विविधता (Alpha, Beta and Gamma) म्हणजे काय ? (a) सजीवांची श्रीमंती (b) सिम्पसन विविधता सुची (c) जैवविविधता मोजण्याचे भौगोलिक प्रमाण (d) व्हीटाकेर (Whittaker) (1972) यांनी सुचविलेले शब्दार्थ वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ?
(a)सजीवांची श्रीमंती / Richness of species
(b)सिम्पसन विविधता सुची / Simpson's Diversity Index
(c)जैवविविधता मोजण्याचे भौगोलिक प्रमाण / For measuring biodiversity over geographical scale
(d)व्हीटाकेर (Whittaker) (1972) यांनी सुचविलेले शब्दार्थ / Whittaker (1972) suggested these terms
Alpha, beta, and gamma diversities are geographical measures of biodiversity suggested by Whittaker in 1972.
प्रजातींची संख्या जगतात सर्वात जास्त आहे. have the largest number of species in the world.
Insects comprise the largest number of species among all living organisms on Earth, accounting for over half of all known species.
खालील विधानांचा विचार करा. / Consider the following statements. (a) निम्न अक्षवृत्ताच्या मानाने उच्च अक्षवृत्तामध्ये सर्वसाधारणपणे मोठ्या प्रमाणात जैवविविधता असते. (b) पर्वतीय उतारावर उच्च उंचीपेक्षा निम्न उंचीवर सर्वसाधारणपणे जैवविविधता मोठ्या प्रमाणात असते. वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? / Which of the above statement/statements is/are correct ?
(a)निम्न अक्षवृत्ताच्या मानाने उच्च अक्षवृत्तामध्ये सर्वसाधारणपणे मोठ्या प्रमाणात जैवविविधता असते. / High latitudes generally have greater biodiversity than low latitudes.
(b)पर्वतीय उतारावर उच्च उंचीपेक्षा निम्न उंचीवर सर्वसाधारणपणे जैवविविधता मोठ्या प्रमाणात असते. / Biodiversity is generally greater at lower altitude than at higher altitude on mountain slopes.
Biodiversity is generally highest in low latitudes (tropics) rather than high latitudes, making statement (a) incorrect. Conversely, biodiversity decreases with increasing altitude on mountain slopes, meaning lower altitudes have greater biodiversity than higher altitudes, making statement (b) correct.