Radioactivity
Radioactivity is a Science & Technology concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 6 past MPSC questions across 5 exam years between 2013 and 2025. Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.
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हायड्रोजनचे समस्थानिके आणि त्यांचे अनुक्रमे वस्तुमान गुणोत्तर ________ आहे. The isotopes of hydrogen and their respective mass ratio are ________.
The isotopes of hydrogen are Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium, with mass numbers 1, 2, and 3 respectively, giving a mass ratio of 1 : 2 : 3.
खालील विधानांचा विचार करा : Consider the following statements :
(a)मृत प्राणी अथवा वनस्पती यांच्यामध्ये कार्बन - 14 ते कार्बन - 12 यांचे गुणोत्तर बदलत असते. / The ratio of 14C to 12C changes continuously for dead bodies or plants.
(b)किरणोत्सारी कार्बन - 14 समस्थानिकाचा वापर कार्बनी वयमापनामध्ये करतात. / Radioactive isotope Carbon-14 is used in a Carbon dating technique.
In dead plants or animals, radioactive Carbon-14 decays while stable Carbon-12 remains constant, causing the C-14 to C-12 ratio to change over time (statement a). This changing ratio is precisely why Carbon-14 isotope is used in carbon dating to determine the age of fossils (statement b). Thus, (a) is true and explains (b).
जेव्हा α-कण किरणोत्सारी घटकातून बाहेर पडतात तेव्हा When α-particle emits from a radioactive element then
An alpha particle is a helium nucleus (He-4,2). When emitted from a radioactive nucleus, the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2.
खालील वाक्ये लक्षात घ्या. (a) कणाची वेधनशक्ती (सामर्थ्य) ही त्याच्या वस्तुमानाच्या व्यस्त प्रमाणात असते. (b) अल्फा कणाची वेधनशक्ती (सामर्थ्य) ही बीटा कण्याच्या वेधन शक्ती (सामर्थ्य) पेक्षा कमी आहे. खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान वरील वाक्यांची परिस्थिती योग्य रीत्या दाखवते? Consider the following statements : (a) Penetrating power of a particle is inversely proportional to its mass. (b) Penetrating power of α(alpha) particle is less than that of β(Beta) particle. Which one of the following gives a correct picture about the above statements ?
Penetrating power is inversely proportional to mass (heavier particles interact more and lose energy faster). Since alpha particles are much heavier than beta particles, their penetrating power is less than that of beta particles.
ट्रिटियमचे अर्धआयुष्य 12.5 वर्षे असून त्याचा बीटा किरणांनी क्षय होतोय. 25 वर्षानंतर मूळ ट्रिटियमचा किती अंश अक्षय शिल्लक राहील ? / Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years, undergoing beta decay. What fraction of original Tritium will remain undecayed after 25 years ?
The half-life of tritium is 12.5 years. After 25 years, which is 2 half-lives (25 / 12.5 = 2), the remaining undecayed fraction is (1/2)² = 1/4 of the original amount.