MPSC PYQ
Science & Technology

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is a Science & Technology concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 6 past MPSC questions across 4 exam years between 2014 and 2022. Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.

Real questions
6
Years tested
4 · 2014–2022
In context
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Asked in

2022202020182014

What you need to know first

Classification BasicsScientific NamesBiological classification basicsBasic biology classificationHistory of biologyEvolutionary concepts

Real questions that test this

the human species. Our closest relatives are Chimpanzee, Gorilla and Orang-utan. Similarities between man and other animal forms were identified by Linnaeus who grouped man, the great ape and monkey in a single order, primates. The three main theories of evolution are Lamarckism, Darwinism and Synthetic theory. Lamarck is chiefly remembered for his belief in the inheritability of acquired characters which is disputed. But he is credited in the history of evolutionary thought for recognizing and stating for the first time that evolution is a universal truth covering all forms of life and it is a gradual and an incessant process. The scientific propagation of the theory of evolution was mainly the work of Charles Darwin. He said, that human evolution occurs through the process of natural selection. The main points of this theory are struggle for existence, variation, survival of the fittest and natural selection. Darwins natural selection serves as the corner stone of the modern synthesis but the mutation theory, mendelian genetics and the statistics of population dynamics are also very important components of its foundation. The basic postulate of the synthetic theory is that evolution proceeds principally as a result of the interaction between five indispensable processes mutation, change in the chromosome number and structure, genetic recombination, natural selection and reproductive isolation. This is also called Neo Darwinism.

खालील कोणते विधान अयोग्य आहे ? (a) चिंपांझी, गोरिल्ला व ओरांगउट्टान यांत अनुभवातून शिकण्याची क्षमता मानवापेक्षा कमी नाही. (b) लॅमार्क, डार्विन व लिनेअस यांनी उत्क्रांतीची तत्वे मांडली. Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (a) The Chimpanzee, Gorilla and Orangutan have no less capacity to learn from experiences than that in man. (b) Lamarck, Darwin and Linnaeus proposed the theory of evolution.

(a)चिंपांझी, गोरिल्ला व ओरांगउट्टान यांत अनुभवातून शिकण्याची क्षमता मानवापेक्षा कमी नाही. / The Chimpanzee, Gorilla and Orangutan have no less capacity to learn from experiences than that in man.

(b)लॅमार्क, डार्विन व लिनेअस यांनी उत्क्रांतीची तत्वे मांडली. / Lamarck, Darwin and Linnaeus proposed the theory of evolution.

1)फक्त (a) / Only (a)
2)फक्त (b) / Only (b)
3)(a) व (b) दोन्ही / Both (a) and (b)✓ Correct
4)(a) व (b) दोन्हीही नाहीत / Neither (a) nor (b)

Both statements are incorrect because while apes have learning capabilities, equating them or saying Linnaeus proposed evolution (he proposed taxonomy) makes the statements factually flawed.

वनस्पतींना द्विनामपद्धती कोणत्या वनस्पती शास्त्रज्ञाने सुरू केली ? / Which Botanist introduced the 'Binomial' nomenclature to the plants ?

1)बेसे / Bessey
2)बेंथम आणि हुकर / Bentham and Hooker
3)कार्ल्स् लिनायस / Carolus Linnaeus✓ Correct
4)थिओफ्रास्टस् / Theophrastus

Carolus Linnaeus introduced the Binomial Nomenclature system for naming plants and animals.

खालीलपैकी विसंगत पर्याय कोणता ? / Spot the odd one out ?

1)प्रगंडीका / Humerus
2)उर्विका / Femur✓ Correct
3)बहीप्रकोष्ठ / Radius
4)अंसफलक / Scapula

In such classification questions, one option deviates fundamentally in category or function compared to the other three matching options.

खालील जोड्या जुळवा (योग्य पर्याय निवडा) / Match the following (use correct codes) :

(a)ॲरिस्टॉटल / Aristotle - (i) औषधशास्त्राचा जनक / Father of Medicine

(b)थियोफ्रास्टस / Theophrastus - (ii) अनुवंशिकशास्त्राचा जनक / Father of Genetics

(c)हिप्पोक्रेट्स / Hippocrates - (iii) वनस्पतीशास्त्राचा जनक / Father of Botany

(d)ग्रेगर जोहान मेंडेल / Gregor Johann Mendel - (iv) जीवशास्त्राचा जनक / Father of Biology

1)(a) (ii), (b) (i), (c) (iv), (d) (iii)
2)(a) (iii), (b) (ii), (c) (iv), (d) (i)
3)(a) (iv), (b) (iii), (c) (i), (d) (ii)✓ Correct
4)(a) (i), (b) (ii), (c) (iv), (d) (iii)

Aristotle is the Father of Biology, Theophrastus is the Father of Botany, Hippocrates is the Father of Medicine, and Gregor Johann Mendel is the Father of Genetics.

प्राणीवर्गीकरणासाठी खालीलपैकी कोणती पायरी वापरली जाते ? / Which steps of taxons are followed for classification of animals ?

1)प्रजाती → जात → ऑर्डर → वर्ग → कुळ → संघ → सृष्टी / Species → Genus → Order → Class → Family → Phylum → Kingdom
2)सृष्टी → जात → ऑर्डर → प्रजाती → संघ → वर्ग → कुळ / Kingdom → Genus → Order → Species → Phylum → Class → Family
3)जात → प्रजाती → ऑर्डर → संघ → वर्ग → ऑर्डर → कुळ → सृष्टी / Genus → Species → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Kingdom
4)सृष्टी → संघ → वर्ग → ऑर्डर → कुळ → जात → प्रजाती / Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species✓ Correct

The correct hierarchical taxonomic classification sequence for animals from broadest to most specific is: Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species.

More Science & Technology concepts

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