खालीलपैकी कशास एंजाइमस्चा को-फॅक्टर असे म्हणता येईल ? / Which of the following may be called as co - factor of an enzyme ?
1)लोह / Iron✓ Correct
2)जीवनसत्व - ड / Vitamin - D
3)प्रथिने / Proteins
4)कर्बोदके / Carbohydrate
Co-factors are non-protein chemical compounds or metallic ions that are bound to an enzyme and are required for the enzyme's biological activity.
The concept of biotechnology is a wide concept encompassing procedures modifying living organisms as per necessity for the welfare of human beings. The living organisms are modified by various technical procedures for number of human requirements being such as domestication of animals, cultivation of plants and improving plant variety through various breeding practices. Modern technologies used for the purpose include techniques like cell, tissue culture and genetic engineering. The United Nations convention of Biological diversity defines 'biotechnology' as: Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organism or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or processes for specific use. In other words, biotechnology can be defined as the application of technical advances in life sciences to develop various products.
Biotechnology also involves pure biological scientific disciplines such as genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology and those outside the sphere of biology which include chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, bioinformatics and biorobotics.
Conversely, modern biological sciences are intimately entwined and dependent on the methods developed through biotechnology and therefore all these together constitute the life sciences industry. Biotechnology is research and development in the laboratory using bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production from any living organism and any source of biomass by means of biological engineering where high value added products could be planned, forecasted, formulated, developed, manufactured and marketed. These products should be used on sustainable basis and patent rights thereof must be obtained. (legal protection at national and international level)
पुढील दोन विधानांचा विचार करा. / Consider the following two statements :
(a)जैवतंत्रज्ञानात जीव वा त्याच्या अंशाचा भाग नेहमी असतोच असे नाही. / Biotechnology does not necessarily always involve organisms or parts thereof :
(b)जैवतंत्रज्ञानात मुळत: शुद्ध व काही प्रमाणात उपयोजित विज्ञान दोन्ही संम्मीलित आहेत. / Biotechnology basically involves both pure and marginally applied sciences.
1)दोन्ही बरोबर / Both are correct
2)दोन्ही चूक / Both are incorrect
3)(a) बरोबर व (b) चूक / (a) is correct (b) is not
4)(b) बरोबर व (a) चूक / (b) is correct (a) is not✓ Correct
Statement (a) is incorrect because biotechnology inherently involves living organisms or their cellular/molecular components. Statement (b) is correct as it combines pure science (biology/genetics) with applied science.
Chemistry is all around you. The air you breathe, the food you eat, the clothes you wear, chemistry touches virtually every aspect of our lives. More than any other science, it has transformed the world in which we live, bringing us abundant food, better health, stronger materials, softer fabrics, brighter colors, cleaner homes, safer transport, greater energy efficiency etc. Our body is a complex mixture of chemical substances (65% mass is due to the chemical compound, water) and we are kept alive by chemical reactions taking place in our cells. As a society, we use chemicals as medicines when we are sick, whether we use natural remedies or pharmaceutical products, chemical reactions keep us warm, cook our food and power our transport. But chemistry also has its darker side and that has been in discovering and developing substances which are potentially harmful. Bioterrorism and chemical war are curses of the advances in science. Toxicology is a science which studies all such materials which become a threat to the mankind. Now a days, it is almost impossible for an ordinary person to obtain toxic chemicals, and it is almost impossible for a poisoner to escape detection after the use. Poison is a weapon which is usable both ways and by those who wish to kill, may do so in such a way that the victim is unaware of it. Such deaths are sometimes shown as natural deaths.
पुढील दोन विधानांपैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ?
Which of the following two statements is correct ?
(a)रसायनशास्त्र सर्वश्रेष्ठ शास्त्र आहे. / Chemistry is the superior most science.
(b)रसायनशास्त्राशिवाय जीवन अशक्य / There can be no life without Chemistry.
1)फक्त (a) / Only (a)
2)फक्त (b) / Only (b)✓ Correct
3)(a) आणि (b) दोन्ही / Both (a) and (b)
4)(a) आणि (b) दोन्हीही नाही / Neither (a) nor (b)
Statement (a) claiming chemistry is the 'superior most science' is subjective and unscientific. Statement (b) is correct because biochemical reactions are fundamental to life; without chemistry, biological life cannot exist.