Carbon compounds are broadly classified into two main categories :
1. Organic compounds : These contain carbon and hydrogen and may also include other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur etc. They include hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, propane), alcohols, acids and polymers (like plastics, rubber). Organic compounds are essential in biological systems, forming the basis of molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). They are also used widely in industries for example, in the manufacture of fuels, dyes, medicines, pesticides and plastics.
2. Inorganic compounds : These include compounds like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), carbonates (such as calcium carbonate in limestone) and bicarbonates. These compounds are vital in geological and environmental processes, such as the carbon cycle, which maintains the balance of carbon in the eco-system.
Carbon compounds exhibit various properties, most organic compounds have low melting and boiling points, are generally flammable and more soluble in organic solvents rather than water. This makes them useful as fuels and industrial solvents. Their diversity and reactivity make them a central part of the field of chemistry, particularly in synthetic and pharmaceutical industries.
खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान ग्रॅफाइट बाबत सत्य आहे ?
Which of the following statements is true about graphite ?
1)हा सर्वात कठीण नैसर्गिक पदार्थ आहे. / It is the hardest natural substance.
2)तो नरम आणि गुळगुळीत आहे आणि विद्युत वाहित करतो. / It is soft and slippery and conducts electricity.✓ Correct
3)तो फक्त हिऱ्याची छेदन करण्यासाठी वापरला जातो. / It is used only in diamond cutting.
4)तो कार्बनचा कृत्रिम रूप आहे. / It is a synthetic form of carbon.
Graphite is an allotrope of carbon that is soft, slippery, and an excellent conductor of electricity due to the presence of free electrons.
Carbon compounds are broadly classified into two main categories :
1. Organic compounds : These contain carbon and hydrogen and may also include other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur etc. They include hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, propane), alcohols, acids and polymers (like plastics, rubber). Organic compounds are essential in biological systems, forming the basis of molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). They are also used widely in industries for example, in the manufacture of fuels, dyes, medicines, pesticides and plastics.
2. Inorganic compounds : These include compounds like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), carbonates (such as calcium carbonate in limestone) and bicarbonates. These compounds are vital in geological and environmental processes, such as the carbon cycle, which maintains the balance of carbon in the eco-system.
Carbon compounds exhibit various properties, most organic compounds have low melting and boiling points, are generally flammable and more soluble in organic solvents rather than water. This makes them useful as fuels and industrial solvents. Their diversity and reactivity make them a central part of the field of chemistry, particularly in synthetic and pharmaceutical industries.
खालीलपैकी कोणते कार्बनचे अपरूप (allotrope) नाही ?
Which of the following is not an allotrope of carbon ?
1)ग्रॅफाइट / Graphite
2)हिरा / Diamond
3)कार्बन डायऑक्साइड / Carbon dioxide✓ Correct
4)फुलरीन / Fullerene
Allotropes are different forms of the same element. Graphite, diamond and fullerene are all pure carbon, while carbon dioxide is a compound of carbon and oxygen, so it is not an allotrope.
खालील दिलेल्या विधानापैकी कोणती विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? / Which of the following statements are correct ?
(a)हिरा विद्युत दुर्वाहक आहे. / Diamond is a non-conductor of electricity.
(b)ग्रॅफाइट मध्ये द्विमितीय पत्रकासारखी संरचना असते. / Graphite has a two dimensional sheet like structure.
(c)ग्रॅफाइट विद्युत वाहक आहे. / Graphite conducts electricity.
(d)खडकाला भोक पाडायला हिरा वापरतात. / Diamond is used for rock drilling.
1)वरील सर्व / All of the above✓ Correct
2)फक्त (a), (b), (c) / Only (a), (b), (c)
3)फक्त (a), (b) / Only (a), (b)
4)फक्त (b), (c) / Only (b), (c)
Diamond is a non-conductor of electricity and is used in rock drilling; graphite has a two-dimensional sheet-like structure and is a good electrical conductor.