Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating is a Science & Technology concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 2 past MPSC questions (2013, 2020). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations.
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Real questions that test this
खालील कोणते विधान चुकीचे आहे ? / Which one of the following statements is incorrect ?
(a)प्रत्येक जीवित प्राणी कार्बन मधून 'C - 14' घेतो. / Every living organism takes C - 14 through carbon.
(b)प्रत्येक जीवत एकाच प्रमाणात 'C - 14' असतो. / Every living being has the same proportion of carbon 14.
(c)मृत्यूनंतर जीव एकाच प्रमाणात कार्बन फेकतो. / After death every living organ throws same percentage of carbon.
(d)अर्धा C - 14 मृत्यु नंतर 5568 वर्षांनी नाहीसा होतो ज्यास 'हाफ लाईफ ऑफ C - 14' (सी - 14 चे अर्धे आयुष्य) संबोधण्यात. / After 5568 yrs of death half of C - 14 will disappear - which is called as half life of carbon - 14.
(e)ही पद्धत पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रात कालक्रमवारी ठरविण्यास वापरतात. / The method is used to get chronological evidence of archaeological remain.
(f)ही पद्धत एफ.डब्लू. लिबी यांनी शोधून काढली. / This method was invented by F.W. Liby.
(g)त्यांना याकरता पदार्थ विज्ञानातील नोबेल पारितोषिक मिळाले. / He got Nobel prize in physics for this work.
F.W. Libby won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1960) for developing radiocarbon dating, not in Physics as stated in option (g). Hence, statement (g) is incorrect.
खालील विधानांचा विचार करा : Consider the following statements :
(a)मृत प्राणी अथवा वनस्पती यांच्यामध्ये कार्बन - 14 ते कार्बन - 12 यांचे गुणोत्तर बदलत असते. / The ratio of 14C to 12C changes continuously for dead bodies or plants.
(b)किरणोत्सारी कार्बन - 14 समस्थानिकाचा वापर कार्बनी वयमापनामध्ये करतात. / Radioactive isotope Carbon-14 is used in a Carbon dating technique.
In dead plants or animals, radioactive Carbon-14 decays while stable Carbon-12 remains constant, causing the C-14 to C-12 ratio to change over time (statement a). This changing ratio is precisely why Carbon-14 isotope is used in carbon dating to determine the age of fossils (statement b). Thus, (a) is true and explains (b).