Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a Science & Technology concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 2 past MPSC questions (2020, 2023). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations.
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जर 1.0 मोल आदर्श वायूचे आकारमान मानक तापमान आणि दाबाला 22.4 Lit असेल तर सर्वकष वायु स्थिरांक, R ______ असतो. If one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 Lit at Standard Temperature and Pressure, then the value of the universal gas constant R is
The universal gas constant R = 0.0821 atm.L.mol-1.K-1, equivalently 8.314 J.K-1.mol-1 or 8.314x10^7 erg.K-1.mol-1 (since 1 J = 10^7 erg). Option (a) states this correctly in atm.L units. Option (b) is wrong because it labels the value Joules, not erg -- 8.314x10^7 is only correct when the unit is erg. Option (d) gives the right unit (erg) but drops the x10^7 factor.
रासायनिक घटाचे विद्युतगामक बल धन असते, जेव्हा अभिक्रियेचा मुक्त ऊर्जा बदल हा असतो. The EMF of a chemical cell is positive, when the free energy change of the reaction is .
The relationship between cell emf (E) and Gibbs free energy change (delta G) is given by delta G = -nFE. For the EMF to be positive (>0), the free energy change must be negative (<0) for a spontaneous process.