सध्या बाजारात जननिक अभियांत्रिकीची अनेक उत्पादने आढळून येतात. उदा. इंटरफेरॉन, मानवाचे वृद्धीसंप्रेरक आणि मानवीय इन्स्युलिन. सन 1982 साली पुन:संयोजी जिवाणूने बनविलेले मानवीय इन्स्युलिन बाजारात विक्रीस आले. पूर्वी ही सर्व प्रथिने प्राण्यांच्या पेशीपासून शुद्ध केली जात होती. परंतु मानवावरील ही स्वरूपे त्यावेळी फार कमी प्रमाणात उपलब्ध होती.
1982 च्या पूर्वी मधुमेहात उपयोगात येणारी सर्व इन्स्युलिन केवळ गुरांच्या बोव्हीन व डुकरांच्या स्वादुपिंडापासून शुद्ध केली जात होती. ही सर्व इन्स्युलिन उत्पादके मांस कारखान्यात सह-उत्पादन म्हणून तयार व्हावयाची. इन्स्युलिनचा पुरवठा हा मांस कारखान्यातील पुरवठा व गरजेवर अवलंबून होता. पुन:संयोजी इ.कोलाय पेशीने व्यापारी तत्त्वावर तयार केलेल्या मानवीय इन्स्युलिनमुळे ते तयार करण्यात भविष्यात कमतरता राहण्याबाबत चिंता राहिलेली नाही.
याशिवाय ज्यांना मधुमेह झाला आहे व ज्यांना बोव्हीन अथवा पोर्सीनचे वावडे आहे त्यांच्याकरिता मानवीय इन्स्युलिन अत्यंत उपयुक्त ठरेल.
पुन:संयोजी डी.एन्.ए.चे तंत्र जीन थेरपीमध्ये महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावते ज्यात ते प्रत्यक्षात सहभागी होऊन जीन साहित्यात फेरफार देखील करते.
There are several products of genetic engineering now available in the market viz. interferon, human growth hormone and human insulin. In 1982, human insulin produced by recombinant bacteria was released for sale in the market. All of these proteins were previously purified from animal tissues. But human forms were available only in very minute quantities.
Before 1982, all insulins which were utilized for diabetics were purified only from bovine of cattle and Porcine of pigs pancreas. These insulins were made available as by-products of meat industry. The insulin supply was, thus a function of supply and demand in the meat market. The commercial production of human insulin in recombinant E. Coli cells eliminated concerns regarding possible shortage of insulin in the future. In addition, this human insulin, was of particular importance to some diabetics who were allergic to bovine and/or porcine insulin.
Recombinant DNA techniques play an essential role in gene therapy which involves the direct manipulation of genetic material.
परिच्छेदास योग्य ते नाव सुचवा :
Suggest appropriate title to the paragraph :
a)जननिक अभियांत्रिकी आणि औषधे / Genetic Engineering and Medicines✓ Correct
b)जननिक अभियांत्रिकी / Genetic Engineering
c)माणसाचे इन्स्युलिन / Human insulin
d)इन्स्युलिन आणि मधुमेह / Insulin and Diabetics
The passage predominantly discusses the role of genetic engineering in producing medicines like insulin, making 'Genetic Engineering and Medicines' the most appropriate title.
Modern psychology teaches everyone to chalk out clear-cut goals and achieving them in the shortest duration. Psychologists, motivational experts and behavioural scientists are forever busy researching on easy and quick paths to Self-realisation. Fast, clear and smooth is the new mantra. But does it work in the longer run? Not really. People go through this achievement exercise, find it exciting for some time and then one fine day become disillusioned.
A client shared that as a child he was told that everything will be fine if he got good marks. As he finished his post-graduation, he believed the socially accepted fantasy that everything will be fine if he got a well-paid job. Then he had similar hopes - from salary hikes, success, marriage, fatherhood, lavish partying, to practising relaxation techniques, buying a fancy car and owning a luxury apartment. He reported that at each stage of achieving something he felt on top of the world, but only for a short while.
Soon, he felt empty and then he chalked another goal thinking that maybe this time he will stay happy for a longer duration. But nothing worked. Now for the last two years, he was struggling with the question 'who am i?' People thought that he was depressed and he should distract himself from this futile philosophical question. Ironically, he was advised by many to chalk out yet another goal to get over this psychological crisis or take pills to feel happy.
While 'who am i?' appears to be a futile question, it is the door to the greatest good. All of us are born with a true Self that has unique potential; we can realise it if we hear our inner voice. However, we are taught right from day one what is socially valued and what is not. If we follow what is socially accepted, we get love and recognition; other-wise, criticism and rejection await us. As a result, we start doing what the world expects from us - money, fame, lavish lifestyle, designer body, umpteen possessions, pleasure and clear-cut goals. Thus, the question 'who am i?' is deliberately suppressed.
This question, if pursued, may get you what you have been searching for all along. Therefore, once you reach a point where you have surety that you can execute your worldly duties, it is time to turn inward. Stop asking people what you should be doing. Do not trust psychological tests that claim to tell you what is good for you. There are no standard answers. Each person has to find his own answer. The real psychology lies in discovering and realising who you are.
Who am I? Think about this question; let it trouble you. Let it shake you up. Let it make you uncertain about your identity. If others try to pull you back into mainstream dramas, refuse politely and persist. Often, others distract you because they find this question scary and want to forget it. In my experience as a psychologist, I often find that the unknown zone looks scary in the beginning but if you stay on and explore, you will be in for a surprise.
Once you break away from social conditionings in your mind, you will get a taste of real freedom. You will gradually become what you are and not what people want you to be. You will experience happiness and contentment.
Give an appropriate title to this passage.
a)Reasons for disillusionments.
b)Attaining goals one after the other.
c)Chalking out our goals.✓ Correct
d)Psychological behaviour.
Since the passage deals with setting objectives, planning paths, and psychological motivation regarding ambitions, chalking out our goals serves as the most appropriate title.