Plants & Agriculture — MPSC PYQ

जर संरक्षक पेशीमध्ये ____________ घटक जमा झाले तर रंध उघडेल. Stomata will open if there is accumulation of the following element in the guard cells ____________.

Stomatal opening is driven by the active uptake of potassium (K+) ions into guard cells, which lowers their water potential and causes water to enter osmotically, making them turgid and opening the pore.

सायट्रस (लिंबू) कॅन्कर हा रोग कोणत्या प्रकारच्या रोगजनकामुळे (Pathogen) होतो ? Citrus canker is caused by which type of pathogen ?

Citrus canker is a plant disease affecting citrus species, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.

स्प्रायरोगायरा या शैवालासंबंधी खालीलपैकी कोणती विधाने अचूक आहेत ? Which of the following statements are correct regarding Spirogyra algae ?

Spirogyra is a filamentous green alga commonly known as pond scum. It possesses spiral-shaped chloroplasts and belongs to the family Zygnemataceae. It primarily grows in fresh water, not marine water.

स्क्लेराईडसच्या श्रेणी ________ आहेत. अ. मॅक्रोस्क्लेराईडस ब. ओस्टिओस्क्लेराईडस क. ट्रॅकिड्स ड. अॅस्टेरोस्क्लेराईडस वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? The categories of sclereids are ________. a. Macrosclereids b. Osteosclereids c. Tracheids d. Asterosclereids Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Sclereids are a type of sclerenchymatous cells with thick secondary walls. Categories include macrosclereids, osteosclereids, and asterosclereids, whereas tracheids are water-conducting xylem elements, not sclereids.

कोणत्या झाडाच्या फूले, पाने व बिया वापरून 'मारीजुहाना' हे अंमली पदार्थ तयार करतात ? Flowers, leaves and seeds of which plant are used to prepare a narcotics 'Marijuana' ?

Marijuana (cannabis) is derived from the flowers, leaves, and seeds of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.

लीफ ब्लाइट ऑफ व्हीट हा रोग खालीलपैकी कोणत्या बुरशीच्या संसर्गामुळे प्रसारित होतो ? (1) युरोमायसीस ट्रीटीकाय (2) आल्टरनरीजिया ट्रीटीसीना (3) अस्टीलोंगो नुडा (4) हेलमीन्थोस्पोरीयम सटाईक्म Leaf Blight of wheat is caused by infection of which of the following fungus ? (1) Uromyces tritici (2) Alternaria triticina (3) Ustilago nuda (4) Helminthosporium sativum

Leaf Blight of wheat is a destructive fungal disease caused by the pathogen Alternaria triticina.

कोणत्या विभागातील वनस्पतींना वनस्पतीसृष्टीचे उभयचर असे म्हटले जाते? / Which division of Plantae is called amphibians of plant kingdom?

Bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom because they live in soil but depend on water for sexual reproduction.

अॅंग्विना ट्रीटीसी हा ________ वनस्पती वर आढळणारा परजीवी नेमॅटोड आहे. Anguina tritici is the parasitic nematode found on ________ plant.

Anguina tritici is a well-known plant parasitic nematode that specifically causes ear rot or 'sehund' disease in wheat crops.

चुकीची जोडी शोधा. Find the wrong pair.

Compositae is alternatively known as Asteraceae, not Clusiaceae. Hence, Compositae - Clusiaceae is the wrong pair.

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मॅक्रोलेमेंट्स म्हणजे काय ? What are macroelements ?

Macroelements are essential plant nutrients required in relatively large amounts for growth and development, unlike micronutrients.

वनस्पतीच्या सामान्य वाढीकरिता कोणता घटक जास्त प्रमाणात आवश्यक असतो ? वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहे/आहेत ? Which element is required in higher amounts for normal plant growth ? Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Potassium is a macronutrient required in large quantities by plants for various physiological functions like osmoregulation and enzyme activation.

वनस्पतीच्या आयुष्यातले फ्रेमवर्क इलेमेंट्स कोणते आहेत ? Which are the framework elements in plant life ?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen form the basic structural framework of plant organic compounds and are known as framework elements.

वनस्पतींमध्ये साखर वाहतुकीचे काम कोणता घटक करतो ? / In plants which element is essential for sugar transport ?

Boron plays a crucial role in plants specifically related to the transport of sugars and carbohydrates through the phloem.

मॅग्नेशियम कोणत्या संरचनेचा महत्त्वाचा घटक आहे ? / Magnesium is essential for which structure ?

Magnesium is the central metallic constituent of the chlorophyll molecule, making it indispensable for photosynthesis.

झाडांच्या श्वासोच्छवासाच्या क्रेब्च्या चक्रादरम्यान खालीलपैकी कोणत्या प्रक्रियेद्वारे फ्यूमॅरीक अॅसिडचे रूपांतर मॅलीक अॅसिड मध्ये होते ? During Krebs cycle in respiration, fumaric acid gets converted into malic acid by

During the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) in cellular respiration, fumaric acid is converted into malic acid through the addition of a water molecule, which is known as a hydration reaction. Note: MPSC's official key gives option 2 (dehydrogenation), but the fumarate-to-malate step is catalysed by fumarase and adds a water molecule, which is hydration; this site keeps the scientifically correct answer.

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शेवाळ वनस्पती ही अन्नासाठी परावलंबी असतात आणि त्यामध्ये अनेक प्रकारची रंगद्रव्ये आढळतात. Algae is dependant upon other living organisms for their food and they have various pigments in them.

Algae are autotrophic organisms containing chlorophyll that perform photosynthesis to manufacture their own food, making the former half of the statement incorrect.

_____________ हया वनस्पतींमध्ये पूर्ण वाढ झालेले उतक असतात परंतु योग्य बीया नसतात. Plants having well differentiated vascular bundles; but lacking proper seeds are ____________

Pteridophytes have well-differentiated vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) but lack flowers and seeds. Since Pteridophytes is not listed, 'None of the above' is correct.

ब्रायोफाईटस् मध्ये हॅप्लॉइड बीजे _________ ह्यामध्ये तयार होतात. In bryophyta, haploid spores are produced in _________.

In Bryophytes, the dominant phase is gametophyte. Haploid spores are produced inside the capsule of the sporophyte via meiosis, which upon germination form the gametophyte.

हरीत द्रव्य खालीलपैकी कोणत्या वनस्पतीमध्ये आढळून येतात ? Chlorophyll pigment is present in which of the following plants ?

Chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment found across almost all plant groups, including Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.

"सध्या जागतिक पातळीवर ताज्या आणि चांगल्या प्रतीच्या फुलांची मानवी आहारात वाढत्या प्रमाणात मागणी आहे." वरील विधान निम्न निर्देशित संभाव्य उपयुक्ततेवर आधारित असून त्यापैकी एक "वरील विधानाऱ्याच्या" संदर्भाने संयुक्तिक नाही. संयुक्तिक नसलेले कारण ओळखा. (1) फुलांमध्ये नैसर्गिकरीत्या एंटीऑक्सीडेंट व अपमार्जन (ज्यामध्ये क्रियाशील ऑक्सीजन अपमार्जन करण्याची क्षमता) कार्यक्षमता असते. (2) फुलांमध्ये "अंथोसायनीन" प्रचुर प्रमाणात असते. (3) फुल आकर्षक असून परागण प्रक्रियेत सहाय्य करतात. (4) फुलं महत्त्वाची जीवनसत्त्वे व खनिजांचा (मिनरल्स) स्रोत आहेत. "Currently there is increased demand for fresh and good quality flowers for human consumption worldwide". The above statement is based on the following potential values of flowers. Which one is not appropriate with the context of above statement. (1) Flowers are endowed with natural antioxidants and scavenging activity of reactive oxygen radicals. (2) Flowers are rich source of Anthocyanins. (3) Flowers are attractive and help in pollination mechanism. (4) Flowers are important source of vitamins and minerals.

While flowers are consumed for antioxidants, anthocyanins, and vitamins, the statement that 'flowers are attractive and help in pollination mechanism' describes their ecological and botanical function, not their nutritional value for human consumption.

खालीलपैकी ______ कृत्रीम प्रक्रियेमध्ये अलैंगिक जननांदारे योग्य खोड आणि आवश्यक मुळांद्वारे प्रजनन केल्या जाते. ______ is an Artificial method of Asexual Reproduction, used to produce plants, combining desired stem with favourable Root Characteristic.

Grafting is an artificial propagation method where a desired stem (scion) is joined with a rooted plant (stock) to combine their favorable characteristics.

कोणत्या वनस्पतीमध्ये एच.एस.के. अथवा C4 या प्रकारचे प्रकाशसंश्लेषण होते ? Name the plant having H.S.K. or C4 pathway of photosynthesis.

C4 pathway or Hatch-Slack pathway (H.S.K.) is typically found in tropical plants like sugarcane, maize, and sorghum which are adapted to high light and temperature conditions.

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अत्यावश्यक तेल हे _______ म्हणून साठवले जाते / An essential oil is stored as _______

The passage says the essential oil is stored as microdroplets in tiny sacs or glands of the plant. The question asks what it is stored as, so the answer is microdroplets; the sacs and glands are where those droplets sit.

'टिका' (Tikka) रोगाचा प्रादुर्भाव खालीलपैकी कोणत्या पिकास होतो ? Tikka' disease affects which one of the following crops ?

Tikka disease is a very common and destructive fungal leaf spot disease that specifically affects groundnut (peanut) crops, caused by Cercospora species.

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लैंगिक पुनर्रूत्पादनामध्ये सहभागी होणाऱ्या फुलाच्या विविध अवयवांमध्ये खालीलपैकी काय दुर्लक्षित करता येणार नाही? As per the involvement of various parts of a flower in the process of sexual reproduction, which one of the following cannot be neglected?

Stamens (पुंकेसर) are the male reproductive organs of a flower, which are absolutely essential and cannot be neglected in sexual reproduction.

परागीकरणानंतर फुलाचा कोणता अवयव परागकण अंकुरित करण्याचे कार्य करतो? After the transfer of pollen grains, which floral organ acts as a site for pollen tube germination?

The stigma (कुक्षी) receives the pollen grains and acts as the vital site where pollen germination and pollen tube growth begin.

लैंगिक पुनर्रूत्पादन तेव्हाच यशस्वी झाले असे म्हणता येईल, जेव्हा The process of sexual reproduction is said to be successful only when

Sexual reproduction in plants culminates in fertilization and seed formation within fruits, which ensures the continuation of the species.

काही झाडांमध्ये तांब्याच्या कमतरतेमुळे सालीवर फोड व खोलवर तुकडे पडून त्यातून डिंक बाहेर येतो. अशा रोगाला ________ म्हणतात. In some trees, copper deficiency may cause blisters and deep slits in the bark from which exudes gum. This disease is known as

Copper deficiency in certain trees leads to a condition known as Exanthema (dieback and gum exudation from bark splits).

सुक्रोजचे एरोबिक ऑक्सिडीकरण होऊन अधिकतम किती ATP तयार होतात ? The maximum yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of sucrose via aerobic respiration is

Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose. Complete aerobic oxidation of one sucrose molecule yields a maximum of about 40 ATP molecules through glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

सर जे.सी. बोस, भारतीय वैज्ञानिक, यांच्याानुसार कॉर्टिकल थरांच्या आतील जीवंत पेशीमुळे असेंट ऑफ सॅप ________ ह्या क्रियेमुळे घडते ? According to Sir J.C. Bose, an Indian scientist, ascent of sap takes place due to the ________ of living cells of the innermost cortical layer.

Sir J.C. Bose proposed the Pulsation theory, stating that ascent of sap is due to periodic pumping activity of living cells of the innermost cortical layer.

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शुद्ध जातीच्या वाण म्हणजे Pure line breed refers to

A pure line refers to a population of individuals that are genetically identical and homozygous, produced through continuous self-pollination.

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नवीन वनस्पतीचे वाण तयार करताना कोणती प्रक्रिया वापरतात ? The new varieties of plants are produced by

New plant varieties are typically produced through hybridization, followed by selection and evaluation.

खालीलपैकी कोणते वनस्पती संप्रेरक फळे पिकविण्याच्या क्रियेला नियंत्रित करतात ? Which of the following plant hormones controls fruits ripening ?

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that naturally regulates and stimulates the ripening of fruits.

आजकाल दसऱ्याच्या दिवशी आपट्याच्या पानांच्या ऐवजी कांचनाची पाने अधिक दिली जातात. आपट्याच्या पानांपेक्षा कांचनाची पाने अ. आकाराने लहान असतात. ब. स्पर्शिस रूक्ष असतात. वरील कोणते/कोणती विधान योग्य आहे ? These days on a Dussehra Day Kanchan leaves are being exchanged more freely than the Apta leaves. In comparison to Apta leaves the Kanchan leaves are a. small in size. b. rough to touch. Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

Kanchan leaves (Bauhinia variegata) are actually larger in size and smoother compared to Apta leaves (Bauhinia racemosa), making both given statements incorrect.

इसबगोल जे की पोटाच्या विकारांवर वापरले जाते कोणत्या वनस्पतीपासून प्राप्त केले जाते ? Isabgol that is used in stomach disorders is obtained from

Isabgol, widely used as a dietary fiber supplement and remedy for constipation, is derived from the seeds of the Plantago ovata plant.

खालीलपैकी मॅक्रोन्युट्रिएंट कोणते आहे ? / Which of the following is a macronutrient ?

Magnesium (Mg) is a macronutrient required by plants in relatively large amounts for chlorophyll synthesis and enzyme activation.

पुरातनकाळापासून वनस्पती आजार बरे करण्यासाठी व आरोग्य सुदृढीस्तवा वापरली गेली आहेत. आपल्या उपचार पद्धतीतील अर्ध्यापेक्षा अधिक औषधे वनस्पतीजन्य आहेत. भारतीय औषधी वनस्पतींच्या शब्दावलीत 3000 वनस्पती आहेत. वनस्पतींचा कोणता भाग सर्वात अधिक औषधीयुक्त म्हणून वापरला जातो ? Plants have been used as healers and health rejuvenators since times immemorial. More than half the drugs under clinical use owe their origin to plants. The Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants lists 3000 plants. Which part of the plants is used most for medicinal properties ?

Roots of plants are frequently cited in traditional pharmacopeia and botanical studies as containing a high concentration of active medicinal compounds.

वनस्पतींमध्ये कोणते विकर जास्त प्रमाणात आढळते ? In plants, which enzyme is found in largest quantity ?

RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on Earth and is found in largest quantities in plants.

फुलंमधील आवश्यक मंडळ कोणते ? / Which of the following are essential whorls of the flowers ?

The essential whorls of a flower are the androecium (male reproductive organ) and gynoecium (female reproductive organ) as they take direct part in reproduction.

वरीलपैकी कोणती/कोणत्या प्रजाती कर्करोगावर उपचारासाठी वापरण्यात येणारे 'टॅक्सॉल' हे रसायन काढण्यासाठी वापरली जाते/वापरल्या जातात ? / Which species is/are used for the isolation of 'taxol' which is used for the treatment of cancer ?

Taxol is a potent anticancer drug that is naturally extracted from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree (Taxus brevifolia).

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औद्योगिक देशांत पूर्वी चांगल्या प्रजातींची पैदास करणारे शेतकरी आजकाल करत नाहीत कारण : In industrial countries the farmers who earlier did plant breeding are no more resorting to it because :

In industrialized nations, traditional on-farm plant breeding has declined because government scientists, private seed corporations, busy schedules, and land-use diversification have all collectively shifted the landscape.

वनस्पतीपासून मिळविलेल्या सजीवांमध्ये सक्रीय असणाऱ्या संयुगाची यादी : (a) निकोटीन - तंबाखू वनस्पतीपासून (b) निबीडाईन - कडू लिंबापासून (c) रोटीनोनी - डेरिस झुलिप्टापासून (d) पायरीथ्रम - क्रायसॅथमम सिनक्रैफोलीअमपासून अदिम लोकांनी वनस्पतीचे सार काढून, सजीवांमध्ये सक्रीय असणारे संयुग मिळविले व त्याचा वापर मासे स्तभीत करण्यासाठी केला? यासाठी वरीलपैकी कोणता पर्याय बरोबर आहे? List of bioactive compounds obtained from plants : (a) Nicotine - from tobacco plant (b) Nibidine - from neem plant (c) Rotenone - from derris elliptica (d) Pyrethrum - from chrysanthemum cincrariefolium The bioactive compound extracted from plant was used by primitive people for paralysing the fish. Which of the above options was resorted to by them?

Rotenone, extracted from the roots of Derris elliptica, is a natural bioactive compound historically used by indigenous peoples as a piscicide to stun or paralyze fish for easy catching.

वनस्पतीशास्त्रानुसार फाइबर वनस्पतीपासून 'बास्ट फायबर्स' मिळतात. प्रत्यक्षात ते वनस्पतींच्या खालीलपैकी कोणत्या भागात असतात ?

Bast fibers are plant fibers collected from the phloem (रसवाहिन्या) surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants, used to make yarn and fabric.