Rationalism
Rationalism is a Aptitude concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 7 past MPSC questions across 4 exam years between 2014 and 2018. Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.
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तुमच्या कचेरीत तुम्ही सर्वात उच्च पदावर आहात. तुमच्या हाताखालील दोन व्यक्तींना वेगवेगळ्या प्रसंगी कचेरीत येत असताना अपघात होऊन त्यांना किरकोळ दुखापतीचा त्रास झाला. भविष्यात अशा प्रकारच्या दुर्दैवी अनुभवांना टाळण्यासाठी त्यांच्या संघटनेचा नेता तुमच्याकडे एका प्रसिद्ध वास्तु तज्ज्ञाचा सल्ला घेऊन कचेरीच्या परिसरात योग्य ते बदल करून घेण्याची विनंती करत आहे. या क्षेत्राच्या जलवायूमानाची (हवामानासंबंधीची) व भौगोलिक परिस्थितीची काळजी घेणाऱ्या वास्तुविद्याविशारदने (आर्किटेक्ट) हे माणूससनेही व पर्यावरण संवेदनशील परिसर रचले आहे. / You are occupying the topmost position in your office. Recently two of your subordinates met with accidents and suffered minor injuries on their way to office on different occasions. The leader of their union came to you requesting you to consult a famous vastu expert and make necessary changes in the office premises and avoid these kinds of evil experiences in the future. You know the fact that the human-friendly and eco-sensitive premises are designed by an architect who has taken care of climatic and geographical conditions of the area. You will
When employees request vastu changes due to accidents in an office designed with scientific eco-sensitive architecture, organizing workshops to educate staff helps dispel superstition and establish scientific temper.
वरील उताऱ्यानुसार मानवतावादात कशाचा अंतर्भाव होतो ? वर दिलेल्या विधानांपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे ? / According to the above paragraphs, what are the factors included in Humanism ? Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a)अ. व्यक्तीच्या भांडवलाचे महत्त्व / a. Importance of individual capital
(b)ब. व्यक्तीच्या प्रयत्नांचे महत्त्व / b. Importance of individual efforts
(c)क. छपाईचे नवे तंत्र लोकप्रिय करणे / c. Popularisation of new printing technology
(d)ड. माणसाच्या क्षमतेवर विश्वास / d. Belief in human potential
Humanism during the Renaissance emphasized human potential (belief in human capacities) and individual efforts rather than just divine grace. Printing technology and capital were enablers, but humanism itself core-focused on human agency, making 'b' and 'd' correct.
प्रबोधनामुळे समाज कोणत्या अपेक्षा करायला शिकला ? / What did the society learn to expect as a result of the Enlightenment ?
Enlightenment taught society to question authority, expect fundamental rights, and demand rational governance based on welfare and justice.
मानसिकदृष्ट्या आपली प्रगती झालेली नाही. आपण : / We have not developed mentally. We should :
(a)अंधश्रद्धा गाडल्या पाहिजेत. / bury superstitions.
(b)विज्ञान लोकाभिमुख केले पाहिजे. / Popularise science.
(c)शिक्षणाचा प्रसार केला पाहिजे. / Spread education.
(d)वरील एकही नाही. / None of the above.
To overcome mental backwardness and superstition, the passage or contextual consensus emphasizes that society must completely bury blind faith and outdated rituals.
अंधश्रद्धा निर्मूलनाचे काम कठीण आहे कारण : / Eradication of superstition is a difficult task because :
(a)लोक त्याच्या आहारी गेलेले आहेत आणि ते अडाणी आहेत. / People are addicted to it and they are ignorant.
(b)लोकांचा त्यावर विश्वास आहे व त्यांना परावृत्त करण्याचा प्रयत्न केल्यास ते नाउमेद होतील. / People have faith in it and an attempt to divert them from it will demoralise them.
(c)त्याची मुळे सामान्य माणसाच्या जीवनात खोल रूजलेली आहेत. / Its roots have gone deep in the life of common man.
(d)श्रद्धा व अंधश्रद्धा यांच्यातील सीमारेषा फार बारीक आहे. / The line between superstition and faith is very thin.
According to sociological passages on superstition, its eradication remains difficult primarily because superstitions are deeply embedded in the everyday lives of common people.