Medieval India — MPSC PYQ

पुढील राजे व त्यांची राजघराणे यांच्या जोड्या जुळवा. Match the following Kings and their dynasties.

Aparajit belongs to Pallavas, Aditya-I to Cholas, Vijayalaya is the founder of the Chola dynasty, and Bhoja-I belongs to the Gurjara-Pratiharas.

खालीलपैकी कृष्णदेवराय यांच्याशी संबंधित योग्य विधाने कोणती ? Which of the following statements are correct about Krishnadevaraya ?

Krishnadevaraya wrote 'Amuktamalyada', was titled 'Andhra Bhoja' / 'Abhinav Bhoja', and patronized Telugu poet Peddana. However, he belonged to the Tuluva dynasty, not the Sangama dynasty.

मुघलकालीन न्यायव्यवस्थेतील शिक्षा आणि शिक्षèques स्वरूप यांच्या अचूक जोड्या जुळवा. Match the correct pairs of punishment and forms of punishment in the Mughal Judicial System.

In the Mughal judicial system: Hadd refers to punishments mandated by Quranic law (iii), Tazir refers to discretionary/exemplary punishments by judges (i), Qisas refers to retaliation/eye-for-an-eye (ii), and Tashir refers to public humiliation/parading (iv).

मुघल बादशाह अकबराने इ. स. 1584 मध्ये "खान-ए-खानान्" ही पदवी कोणाला दिली होती ? / Mughal Emperor Akbar bestowed the title of "Khan-e-Khanan" to whom in A. D. 1584 ?

Emperor Akbar bestowed the prestigious title of 'Khan-e-Khanan' upon Abdul Rahim (Rahim), son of Bairam Khan, for his literary contributions and military achievements in 1584.

'दिवाण-ए-अमीर-ए-कोही' नावाचे स्वतंत्र खाते कोणी स्थापना केले ? Who set up the separate department called, 'diwan-i-amir-i-kohi'?

Muhammad bin Tughlaq created the separate agricultural department called 'Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi' to improve agricultural output and bring wasteland under cultivation.

चुकीच्या जोड्या ओळखा. / Identify the wrong pairs.

Prince Azam Shah was a Mughal prince, not a Bahamani ruler, making pair (c) wrong. The others are correctly matched.

सुल्तानशाहीच्या शासनकाळात खालीलपैकी कोणता कर अनुक्रमे हिंदू आणि मुस्तीम जमीनदारांकडून घेतला जात असे ? / Which of the following taxes was collected from Hindu and Muslim landlords respectively during the Sultanate rule ?

During the Delhi Sultanate, 'Khiraj' was the land revenue collected from non-Muslim (Hindu) cultivators/landlords, and 'Zakat' was a religious tax collected from Muslims.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या शासनाच्या कालखंडात अब्दूल रज्जाक या फारशी प्रवाशाने विजयनगरला भेट दिली ? / Abdul Razzaq, a Persian traveller visited Vijayanagar during the period of which of the following rulers ?

Abdul Razzaq, a Persian scholar and traveller, visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Deva Raya II in the 15th century and documented its splendor.

खालील विधाने कोणासंदर्भात आहेत ? i. धर्माची राजकारणापासून फारकत घेतली. ii. सती जाणाऱ्या शूर स्त्रियांच्याबाबत अलिप्ततेचे धोरण स्वीकारले. iii. बालविवाह थांबविणे व विधवा विवाहाला उत्तेजन दिले. iv. सामाजिक कायद्याबाबत अंतिम निर्णय आपला असल्याचा दावा केला. About whom the following statements are related ? i. Religion was separated from politics. ii. Adopted a policy of seclusion towards brave women who followed Sati. iii. To stop child marriage and widow marriage was encouraged. iv. Claimed that the final decision regarding the social law will be his.

Emperor Akbar separated religion from politics (Din-i Ilahi, Ibadat Khana), adopted liberal social policies like banning child marriage, discouraging Sati, and asserted ultimate authority over religious/social matters.

ई.स. 1206 ते 1290 या काळात राज्य केलेल्या गुलाम घराण्याची स्थापना कोणी केली ? वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? Who founded the Slave Dynasty which ruled from 1206 to 1290 ? Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct ?

The Slave Dynasty (Mamluk Dynasty), which ruled from 1206 to 1290, was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a trusted general of Muhammad Ghori.

जोड्या जुळवा / Match the following

Gulbadan Begam authored Humayun-nama, Salima Sultana wrote Persian poetry under 'Bega' pen name, Jahanara Begam authored Mu'nis al-Arwah, and Zeb-un-Nisa wrote Diwan-i-Makhfi.

जोड्या जुळवा : (a) पेशवे (b) महाराज सवाई जयसिंग (c) रघुनाथ नवलकर (d) तंजावरचे राजे सर्फोजी Match the following : (a) The Peshwas (b) Maharaja Sawai Jaysingh (c) Raghunath Navalkar (d) Raja Sarfoji of Tanjore

Matching historical personalities/rulers with their scholarly or scientific contributions: Peshwas (ii - European doctors/scholars in court), Maharaja Sawai Jaysingh (iii - astronomical interests and contacts with Portuguese kings), Raghunath Navalkar (i - library and laboratory setup), Raja Sarfoji of Tanjore (iv - English learning and writing).

खालीलपैकी कोणते सुलतान सय्यद घराण्यातील होते ? (a) खिज्रखान (b) मुबारकशहा (c) मोहमदशहा (d) अल्लाउद्दीन अलमशाह Who from the following Sultans were from the Sayyad dynasty ? (a) Khijrakhan (b) Mubarakshah (c) Muhamadshah (d) Allauddin Alamshah

All four rulers listed (Khizr Khan, Mubarak Shah, Muhammad Shah, and Alauddin Alam Shah) belong to the Sayyid dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, which ruled from 1414 to 1451 AD.

पुढीलपैकी कोणत्या व्यक्ती शहाजहानच्या दरबारी चित्रकार होत्या ? (a) मीर, हाशिम (b) चित्रमणी, अनुपचित्र (c) मुहम्मद हसन (d) फकीर उल्ला Who from the following persons were the court painters of Shahajahan ?

During the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, notable court painters included Mir Hashim, Chitramani, Anupachitra, and Fakirullah, making (a), (b), and (d) correct.

महंमद घोरीचे राज्यपाल व महंमद घोरीच्या मृत्यू नंतर त्यांनी स्वतंत्रपणे राज्य करण्यास सुरुवात केली ते भूप्रभाग यांच्या जोड्या जुळवा. Match the following governors of Muhammad Ghori and the territories where they ruled almost independently after the death of Muhammad Ghori.

After Muhammad Ghori's death, his territories were divided among his prominent commanders: Yaldoz ruled Ghazni, Kubacha ruled Sindh, Muhammad-ibn-Bakhtyar ruled Bengal/Bihar, and Aibak ruled Delhi and Northern India.

खालील विधानांचा विचार करा व उत्तराचा योग्य पर्याय निवडा ? / Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer options.

Mughal architecture represents a unique synthesis of Indian, Persian, and foreign elements, reflecting a rich composite style rather than being purely foreign or purely native without external influence.

च्या सेनापतींनी गंगेपर्वताचा प्रदेश जिंकून घेतला तर त्याच्या आरमार प्रमुखानी समुद्रापलीकडे, परदेशार, जसे सिलोन, निकोबार बेटे आणि मलया द्वीपकल्पाच्या काही भागावर अधिपत्य मिळविले होते. The generals of _________ conquered land upto Ganges, while his admirals established their authority over several overseas territories including Ceylon, Nicobar islands and parts of the Malaya Peninsula.

Rajendra Chola I extended Chola conquests up to the Ganges and his naval forces successfully raided overseas territories including Sri Lanka, Nicobar, and parts of Malaya.

खालील विधानावरून व्यक्ती ओळखा : अ. त्याने उलेमांचे राज्यातील वर्चस्व नष्ट केले. ब. तो पराक्रमी योद्धा व यशस्वी सेनापती होता. क. दक्षिणेकडील राज्यावर स्वारी करणारा पहिला सुलतान असावा. ड. त्याच्या दरबारात अमीर खुसरो हा नामवंत कवी होता. Identify the person from the description given below : a. He destroyed the dominance of Ulemas in the State. b. He was a mighty warrior and a successful general. c. He was supposed to be the first Sultan to attack the Southern kingdoms. d. The famous poet Amir Khusro was in his court.

Alauddin Khilji curbed the power of Ulemas in state affairs, launched massive military campaigns into Southern India led by Malik Kafur, and was a patron of the famous poet Amir Khusro.

खालील विवरणवरून व्यक्ती ओळखा : अ. या राजास 'आंध्रभोज' ही पदवी देण्यात आलेली होती. ब. त्याच्या दरबारात आठ प्रसिद्ध तेलगु कवी होते. क. 'नागलपूरम' नावाचे नगर त्याने स्थापन केले होते. ड. बिदर, गुलबर्गा ह्या मुसलमान राज्याच्या राजधान्या जिंकणारा तो एकमेव हिंदू राजा होता. Identify the person from the description given below : a. He was given the title Andhra Bhoj. b. There were eight famous Telugu poets in his court. c. He established the city called 'Nagalapuram'. d. He was the only Hindu king to conquer the capitals of the Muslim kingdoms of Bidar and Gulbarga.

Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire held the title 'Andhra Bhoja', patronized the Ashtadiggajas (eight Telugu poets), founded Nagalapuram, and successfully defeated the Bahamani/Sultanate capitals of Bidar and Gulbarga.

_________________ या मिथिलेतील बंगाली कवीला हिंदू राज्यकर्त्यांचे आणि बंगालच्या सुलतान यांचे प्रोत्साहन मिळाले होते. _________________ of Mithila was a Bengali poet who enjoyed the patronage of a Hindu ruler as well as of the Sultans of Bengal.

Vidyapati Thakur was a Maithili and Sanskrit poet, and also wrote in local dialects. He enjoyed the patronage of the Oiniwar dynasty of Mithila as well as the Sultans of Bengal.

पुढील विधानत कोणाचे वर्णन केले आहे ? मुळात तो तुर्कस्तान मधील एक गुलाम होता. त्याच्या लहानपणी एका व्यापाऱ्याने त्याला निशापूरला आणले, तिथे त्याला काझी फक्रुद्दीन अब्दुल आझीझ कुफी यांनी विकत घेतले. काझीच्या मुलाने त्याला एका व्यापाऱ्याला विकले आणि व्यापाऱ्याने त्याला मुहम्मद घोरीज ला विकले. / Who is described in the following statement? He was originally a slave of Turkestan. In his childhood he was brought by a merchant to Nishapur, where Qazi Fakhruddin Abdul Aziz Kufi purchased him. The Qazi's son sold him to a merchant who in turn sold him to Muhammad of Ghur.

Qutb-ud-din Aibak was originally a Turk from Turkestan, sold into slavery multiple times during his childhood until he was purchased by Muhammad Ghori, eventually becoming his trusted general and founder of the Slave Dynasty.

जोड्या जुळवा : अ. अलावा ब. अब्दुल्ला खान क. मीर जाफर ड. दौलत राव सिंधिया I. वैष्णव विषयांवरील पुष्कळस्या गीतांचा लेखक होता. II. होलीचा सण साजरा करीत असे. III. मृत्यूशैयावर असताना याने मुर्शीदाबाद जवळील किर्तीश्वरीच्या मूर्तीवरील पाण्याचे काही थेंब प्याले होते. IV. हिरवे कपड़े घालून मोहरमच्या मिरवणुकीत सामील झाले होते. Match the following : a. Alawal b. Abdullah Khan c. Mir Jafar d. Daulat Rao Scindia I. was the author of several poems on Vaishnava subjects. II. observed Holi festival. III. on his death bed drank a few drops of water poured in libation over the idol of Kirtiswari near Murshidabad. IV. joined Moharram processions in green dress.

Matching the historical figures with their distinct biographical details yields the sequence II, II, III, IV based on contemporary accounts and historical chronicles.

भारतातील जल सिंचनासंदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणते/कोणती विधान/विधाने सत्य आहे/आहेत ? अ. फिरोज शाह तुघलकने सुदर्शन सरोवर बांधले होते. ब. पुष्य गुप्तने पश्चिम यमुना कालवा बांधला. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding irrigation in India ? a. Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed Sudarshan Lake. b. Punnya Gupta constructed Western Yamuna Canal.

Sudarshan Lake was repaired/managed by rulers like Rudradaman and Skandagupta (originally built during Chandragupta Maurya by Pushyagupta), not Firoz Shah Tughlaq. The Western Yamuna Canal was repaired/extended by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, not constructed by Pushyagupta. Hence neither statement is correct.

उतरेकडील पुष्कळशा हिंदू निवा्रसितांना या राज्याने आणि शहराने आकर्षित केले. समकालीन वर्णनावरून असे वाटते की हे शहर श्रीमंत आणि खूप सुंदर असावे. अब्दूर रज्जाक म्हणतो, 'पृथ्वीतलावर इतरत्र कुठेही असे शहर डोळ्यांनी बघितले नाही, किंवा संपूर्ण पृथ्वीवर असे शहर आहे असे कानांनी ऐकले नाही.' या वाक्यांतून कोणत्या राज्याचा आणि शहराचा उल्लेख केला आहे ? / This state and city attracted many of the Hindu refugees from the North. From the contemporary accounts it appears that the city was rich and very beautiful. 'The city is such that eye has not seen nor ear heard of any place resembling it upon the whole earth', says Abdur Razzak. Which city and state get referred in these sentences ?

The traveler Abdur Razzak highly praised the wealth, beauty, and grandeur of the Vijayanagar empire and its capital city.

त्याला ''निजाम-उल-मुल्क" हा किताब देण्यात आला होता. त्याला दखणचा गव्हर्नर म्हणून नेमण्यात आले होते. त्याने आसफ जाही राजघराणे स्थापन केले. त्याच्या उत्तराधिकाऱ्यांना हैदराबादचे निजाम म्हणून ओळखले जाते. त्याला ओळखा ? He was given the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk. He was made the Governor of the Deccan. He founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty. His successors are called the Nizams of Hyderabad. Identify him :

Qamar-ud-din Khan, bearing the title Nizam-ul-Mulk and Asaf Jah, founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty and became the first Nizam of Hyderabad.

औरंगजेब नंतरच्या काळातील सर्वोच्च राजपूत राजा होता आंबरचा सवाई राजा जय सिंग ! त्याने जयपूर हे सुंदर शहर निर्माण केले. त्याने पाच ठिकाणी जंतर मंतर बांधले. पुढील किती ठिकाणी त्याने, जंतर मंतर बांधले नाही?

Sawai Jai Singh built Jantar Mantar at five places: Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Banaras. Udaipur is not one of them, making the number of excluded places two (if considering the options context).

उलेमांच्या राजकारणातील हस्तक्षेपाला तीव्र विरोध खालीलपैकी कोणी केला ?

Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq both strongly opposed the interference of Ulema (religious clerics) in state politics and administration, asserting royal authority over religious law.

कार्य काळानुसार क्रमाने बाबर, हुमायून, अकबर, जहाँगीर, शाहजहान व औरंगजेब हे ग्रेट मुगल्स् म्हणून गणल्या जातात. औरंगजेबाच्या मृत्यूनंतर आलेल्या मुघल सम्राटांना ''लेटर मुगल्स्'' ''नंतरचे मुगल्स्'' म्हणून संबोधले जाते. पुढील लेटर मुगल्स्च्या त्यांच्या कालावधीप्रमाणे क्रम लावा : The Great Mughals included Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb in that chronological order. The Mughal emperors who came to the throne after the death of Aurangzeb are called the Later Mughals. Arrange the following four Later Mughals in their chronological order.

The correct chronological order of the Later Mughal emperors starting right after Aurangzeb's death in 1707 is: Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712), Jahandar Shah (1712–1713), Mohammad Shah (1719–1748), and Ahmad Shah (1748–1754).

मध्य युगाच्या सुरवातीला भारतीय इतिहासात पुढील दोन वैशिष्ट्यपूर्ण प्रवाह दिसून येतात. / We find the following two specific trends at the beginning of the middle age in Indian History.

The early medieval period in India saw the consolidation of philosophical movements like Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta and a massive spurt in temple architecture and urbanization around temple centers like Chidambaram and Madurai.

मध्य आशियातून आलेल्या आक्रमणापुढे उत्तर भारतीय राजसत्ता पराभूत झाल्या कारण : North Indian powers were defeated at the hands of invaders from Central Asia because :

North Indian kingdoms suffered defeats against Central Asian invaders due to social fragmentation like casteism preventing unity and lack of economic/plunder incentives for ordinary soldiers compared to motivated invaders.