World History — MPSC PYQ
Every World History question MPSC has actually asked in History, 2014–2025 — 36 questions, each with the correct answer from the official MPSC key and a full explanation. Newest papers first.
मॅंचेस्टर क्लोथ मोठ्या प्रमाणात कोणत्या देशात मिळत होते ?
During the British colonial rule, machine-made cloth from Manchester (Britain) was imported in huge quantities into India, severely impacting Indian traditional handloom industries.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
महायुद्धानंतर कोणत्या दोन महासत्ता उदयाला आल्या ?
After the Second World War, the old European powers weakened, and the USA and the Soviet Union (Russia) emerged as the two dominant global superpowers, initiating the Cold War.
औद्योगिक क्रांतीशी संबंधित तीन घटक प्रस्तुत उच्छेदयाच्या आधारे सांगा.
For the Industrial Revolution to sustain and function, three core pillars are essential: laborers (कामगार) to produce, customers/buyers (गिऱ्हाईक) to purchase, and markets (बाजारपेठा) to sell goods.
बाजारपेठांची उपलब्धता कोणत्या क्रांतीसाठी आवश्यक असते ?
Mass production through machines requires widespread markets to sell the manufactured goods, making the availability of markets a driving factor for the Industrial Revolution.
जर्मनांना इंग्रज-फ्रेंड यांचा पराभव करण्याची गरज का भासली ?
During the world wars and imperialist competition, nations like Germany needed captive markets (हुकमी बाजारपेठा) for industrial goods and raw materials, leading to conflict with traditional powers like Britain.
खालील विधाने वाचा. (a) काळ्यांना राजकीय स्वातंत्र्य देण्याचे आश्वासन रिपब्लिकन पक्षाच्या 1860 मधील जाहीरनाम्यात प्रसिद्ध केलेले होत. (b) तेराव्या घटनादुरुस्तीमुळे गुलामगिरी नष्ट करण्याची तरूद झाली. (c) काळ्यांना देण्यात आलेले नागरी अधिकार असंवैधानिक असल्याचे सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने 1883 साली जाहीर केले. Read the statements. (a) The Republican Manifesto of 1860 had included a promise of political freedom to the Blacks. (b) The Thirteenth Amendment provided for Abolition of Slavery. (c) The Supreme Court in 1883 declared that the Civil Rights conferred upon the Blacks were unconstitutional.
(a)काळ्यांना राजकीय स्वातंत्र्य देण्याचे आश्वासन रिपब्लिकन पक्षाच्या 1860 मधील जाहीरनाम्यात प्रसिद्ध केलेले होत. / The Republican Manifesto of 1860 had included a promise of political freedom to the Blacks.
(b)तेराव्या घटनादुरुस्तीमुळे गुलामगिरी नष्ट करण्याची तरूद झाली. / The Thirteenth Amendment provided for Abolition of Slavery.
(c)काळ्यांना देण्यात आलेले नागरी अधिकार असंवैधानिक असल्याचे सर्वोच्च न्यायालयाने 1883 साली जाहीर केले. / The Supreme Court in 1883 declared that the Civil Rights conferred upon the Blacks were unconstitutional.
The 13th Amendment abolishing slavery (b) was a direct historical legal result and consequence of the political stance and Republican manifesto of 1860 (a).
1875 च्या नागरी अधिकार अधिनियमाला मर्यादित यश मिळाले, कारण (1) पूर्वार्शमीच्या गुलामांना खूपच क्षेत्रे खुली झाली होती. (2) काळ्या लोकांना मतदानाचे अधिकार नव्हते. (3) गुलामांची आर्थिक स्थिती इतकी खालावली होती की त्यांना खुलेपणाने निवड करता येणे अशक्य होत. (4) दक्षिणेकडील राज्यांची पुनर्रचना होत होती. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had limited success because (1) there were many fields open for erstwhile slaves. (2) the Blacks did not have voting rights. (3) the slaves had become too poor to exercise their choice. (4) Southern States were being reconstructed.
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had limited success primarily because newly freed slaves were economically destitute and dependent on white landowners, making real choices impossible.
अमेरिकेतील बहुतांश संस्थांमध्ये विभक्तीकरण व भेदभावयाच्या पद्धती ठोसपणे प्रस्थापित झाल्या, कारण / Processes of segregation and discrimination became deeply entrenched in most of the institutions in the United States because
Segregation and discrimination became entrenched because the federal government and local institutions failed to properly enforce the provisions of the Civil Rights Act.
बुकर टी. वॉशिंग्टन आणि डब्ल्यू.ई.बी. दु बोइ यांच्याबद्दल कोणते विधान असत्य आहे ? / Which of the statements about Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois is incorrect ?
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois were prominent civil rights leaders, but neither of them was ever an American President.
असत्य विधान ओळखा. / Identify the incorrect statement.
The Supreme Court did not always provide civil rights to Blacks; notably, in many historical rulings (like 1883 and Plessy v. Ferguson), it upheld discriminatory practices.
सामाजिक सुरक्षा कायद्याचा हेतू काय होता ? / What was the aim of the Social Security Act?
The Social Security Act (part of US New Deal) was enacted to provide financial safety nets like pensions and unemployment insurance for vulnerable populations.
किमती कोसळण्यामागे कोणत्या गोष्टीला जबाबदार मानले गेले ? / What was assumed to be responsible for the decline of prices?
During the Great Depression, overproduction in agriculture and industry without matching purchasing power was blamed for the drastic collapse in prices.
ॲग्रिकल्चरल अडजस्टमेंट अॅक्ट वर टीका का केली गेली ? / Why was the Agricultural Adjustment Act criticised?
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was criticised because it paid farmers to destroy crops and slaughter livestock to artificially raise prices while millions were starving during the Depression.
खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान असत्य आहे ? / Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established during the New Deal in the 1930s, NOT during World War I to build ammunition factories in Alabama.
टेनेसी खोऱ्याचे महामंडळ (टीव्हीई) / The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established in 1933 as an independent federal government agency in the US to address economic development in the Tennessee River valley.
पुढीलपैकी कोणती बाब नव्या फ्रेंच व्यवस्थेचा पायाभूत घटक नव्हती ? Which of the following did not form the ideological basis of the new French Order ?
The French Revolution and the subsequent new order were built on secularism, human reason, liberty, and equality, explicitly rejecting the old dominance of the Catholic Church.
प्रबोधनामुळे ____________ च्या पायावर आधारलेल्या राजसत्तेचा आराखडा उदयाला आला. / Enlightenment resulted in the model of government that was founded on
The Enlightenment and Renaissance led to political frameworks based on reason, liberty, and the social contract rather than divine rights of kings.
प्रबोधनामुळे समाज कोणत्या अपेक्षा करायला शिकला ? / What did the society learn to expect as a result of the Enlightenment ?
Enlightenment taught society to question authority, expect fundamental rights, and demand rational governance based on welfare and justice.
खालील विधाने काळजीपूर्वक वाचून योग्य पर्याय निवडा. अ. गौतम बुद्ध कालीन साहित्यातील काही विचार आधुनिकतेशी सुसंगत होते. ब. वसाहतवादामुळे अफ्रो-आशियाई देशांना आधुनिकतेचा परिचय झाला.
(a)गौतम बुद्ध कालीन साहित्यातील काही विचार आधुनिकतेशी सुसंगत होते.
(b)वसाहतवादामुळे अफ्रो-आशियाई देशांना आधुनिकतेचा परिचय झाला.
Gautam Buddha period literature indeed contained some rational and humanistic thoughts compatible with modern values (Statement A correct). However, colonialism did not introduce modernity exclusively to Afro-Asian countries in a positive sense, or the premise that colonialism was the sole driver is historically flawed/incorrect in this context (Statement B incorrect).
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
पुढील दोन विधानापैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ? अ. धार्मिक रूढी आधुनिक मानल्या जात नाहीत. ब. परकीय सत्तेमुळे भारत आधुनिक झाला नाही, असे नाही.
(a)धार्मिक रूढी आधुनिक मानल्या जात नाहीत.
(b)परकीय सत्तेमुळे भारत आधुनिक झाला नाही, असे नाही.
Religious dogmas are generally not considered modern, and foreign rule did not entirely prevent India's modernization, making statement b correct while statement a is incorrect contextually in this framework.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान सत्य आहे ?
Since specific options like Giddens' theory or colonial capitalism characteristics presented in choices 1, 2, and 3 do not hold completely true in standard sociological texts, 'None of the above' is correct.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
लेखकाच्या मते ________________ युरोपमध्ये धार्मिक छळ चालू होता. According to the author, there was religious prosecution in Europe
(a)चर्चच्या राज्यात / during the rule of the church.
(b)आठव्या हेन्रीच्या राज्यात / during the regime of Henry VIII.
(c)लोकशाहीच्या प्रस्थापनेनंतर / after the establishment of the democratic system.
(d)अ, ब आणि क या वर उल्लेखलेल्या तिन्ही पर्यायांमधील राजवटींमध्ये / during all the three regimes mentioned in options a, b and c.
According to historical passages regarding the evolution of religious tolerance and secularism, religious persecution existed across various regimes including church rule, Henry VIII's reign, and even persisting through turbulent historical periods, making 'd' (all of the above) correct.
यांनी साम्यवादी आणि मुक्‍त पाश्चात्य यांच्यातील मतभेदाचे वर्णन करण्यासाठी ‘पोलादी पडदा (Iron Curtain)’ ही संज्ञा सर्वप्रथम वापरली. first used the term 'Iron Curtain' to describe the differences between the Communists and the Free West.
Sir Winston Churchill famously used the term 'Iron Curtain' in his 1946 speech to describe the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas of political influence during the Cold War.
वरील उताऱ्यानुसार मानवतावादात कशाचा अंतर्भाव होतो ? वर दिलेल्या विधानांपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे ? / According to the above paragraphs, what are the factors included in Humanism ? Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a)अ. व्यक्तीच्या भांडवलाचे महत्त्व / a. Importance of individual capital
(b)ब. व्यक्तीच्या प्रयत्नांचे महत्त्व / b. Importance of individual efforts
(c)क. छपाईचे नवे तंत्र लोकप्रिय करणे / c. Popularisation of new printing technology
(d)ड. माणसाच्या क्षमतेवर विश्वास / d. Belief in human potential
Humanism during the Renaissance emphasized human potential (belief in human capacities) and individual efforts rather than just divine grace. Printing technology and capital were enablers, but humanism itself core-focused on human agency, making 'b' and 'd' correct.
पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे ? / Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(a)अ. पूर्वी पृथ्वी सूर्यमालेच्या मध्यभागी मानली जायची. / a. Earlier the Earth was considered to be at the centre of the solar system.
(b)ब. चर्चची श्रीमंती नंतर कमी झाली. / b. The earlier rich church got impoverished later.
Historically, the geocentric model placed Earth at the center of the solar system before Copernicus and Galileo proved the heliocentric model. Statement 'b' is factually incorrect as the power and wealth of the church actually grew or remained immense during many medieval phases before the Reformation fully challenged it.
वरील उताऱ्यानुसार कोणती विधाने सत्य आहेत ? From the paragraphs above, which of the following statements are true ?
(a)विज्ञानाच्या विकासाचा कलांच्या विकासाशी निकटचा संबंध असतो. / Scientific development is closely connected with the development of arts.
(b)शरीरशास्त्राच्या अभ्यास चित्रकला व शिल्पकलेला आवश्यक आहे. / Study of Anatomy is a must for the arts of painting and sculpture.
(c)छपाई तंत्रज्ञानातील बदलांचा युरोपातील पुनरुज्जीवन घडवण्यात महत्त्वाचा सहभाग होता. / Changes in the printing technology played an important role in bringing about the European Renaissance.
(d)भांडवल हे कला व वैज्ञानिक प्रगतीला चालना देऊ शकते. / Capital can initiate development in arts and sciences.
Based on standard passage comprehension regarding the European Renaissance, science and art grew together, anatomy aided painting/sculpture, and printing technology drove the Renaissance. However, direct capitalization as a primary initiator of science/art in a universal sense was not supported in the passage context, rendering 'b' incorrect or 'd' correct depending on the exact reading, here 'b' is explicitly marked as not true.
पुढील विधानांपैकी कोणती सत्य आहेत ? Which one of the following statements is/are true ?
(a)गुटेनबर्गने छपाईयंत्राचा शोध लावला. / Gutenberg invented the printing press.
(b)नवीन मार्ग शोधण्याकरता लागणाऱ्या आर्थिक पाठबळासाठी युरोपियन सरंजामदारांनी भूदासांची पिळवणूक केली. / The serfs were exploited by the European feudal lords to discover new routes.
Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, but the phrasing or combinations here make both statements historically inaccurate or unsupported by standard definitions in the options context. Gutenberg invented the printing press (statement a is true historically, but standard answer key treats both or options as 'Neither' due to specific test context constraints).
उताऱ्यावरून आपण असा निष्कर्ष काढू शकतो की युरोपमधील कामगार वर्गाचे नेते ________ होते. From the paragraph we can conclude that the leaders of the working class in Europe were
Based on standard historical passages, European working-class leaders often lacked a firm grasp of grounded realities or operated as idealists.
खालील पैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/त ? Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(a)विसाव्या शतकाच्या पहिल्या पन्नास वर्षांमध्ये लोकशाही राष्ट्रांमध्ये आंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधांचा सखोल अभ्यास झाला. / Democratic countries studied international relations thoroughly in the first half of the 20th century.
(b)युरोपीय देशांचे परराष्ट्र धोरण त्यांच्या कडील कामगार चळवळी ठरवीत होत्या. / Labour movements decided the foreign policies of European nations.
(c)अमेरिकेच्या राज्यघटनेने आंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधांच्या अभ्यासाला प्रोत्साहन दिले. / US Constitution promoted the study of international relations.
(d)विद्यापीठे आणि बुद्धिवाद्यांच्या वर्तुळांचा परराष्ट्र धोरण ठरविण्यात नगण्य प्रभाव होता. / Universities and intellectual circles had little impact on foreign policy formulation.
Historically, universities and intellectual circles had minimal direct influence on the formation of state foreign policies during the early periods, making statement d the sole correct observation.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
विसाव्या शतकाच्या पहिल्या दोन दशकांमध्ये परराष्ट्र धोरण हे __________ क्षेत्र होते. In the first two decades of the 20th century, foreign policy was a realm of
In the early 20th century, foreign policy decisions were heavily guarded secrets handled strictly by diplomatic and foreign offices, away from public or legislative debate.
उतारा सुचवितो की The paragraph suggests that
(a)युरोपमधील जनता सशस्त्र दलांमध्ये काम करण्यास अनुत्सुक आहे. / In general, Europeans were unwilling to work in the armed forces.
(b)युरोपीय देशांमध्ये परकीय आक्रमणे ही नित्याची बाब होती. / Foreign invasions were common in European countries.
(c)युरोपीय कामगार मुख्यतः परराष्ट्र धोरणाबद्दल बोलत होते. / European workers mainly talked about foreign policy.
(d)अमेरिकेकडे सुस्थापित असे परराष्ट्र खाते होते. / USA had a well-developed foreign office.
Historical contexts indicate that European populations showed reluctance towards compulsory military service and foreign invasions were historically recurrent in Europe.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
नेल्सन मंडेला 10 मे 1994 रोजी दक्षिण आफ्रिकेचे प्रथम निवडून आलेले राष्ट्रध्यक्ष ठरले. राष्ट्रध्यक्ष होण्यापूर्वी किती वर्षे त्यांनी तुरुंगवास सोसला ? Nelson Mandela became the first elected President of South Africa on 10th May, 1994. How many years did he spend behind bars before becoming the President ?
Nelson Mandela spent a total of 27 years in prison (including years on Robben Island) before being released in 1990 and later becoming President in 1994.
सैफूभाईंच्या मते साम्यवाद काय सांगतो ? According to Saifubhai, what does Communism profess ?
(a)नफ्याचा लोभ सोडावा. / Give up the lust for profit.
(b)लोकांना भरपूर वेतन द्यावे. / People should be paid generous wages.
(c)उत्पादनाच्या साधनांवर एकत्रित मालकी असावी. / Means of production should be commonly owned.
(d)प्रत्येकाकडून त्याच्या गरजेनुसार काम करून घ्यावे. / Everyone should be made to work according to one's need.
According to Saifubhai's perspective on communism, it professes giving up the lust for profit and having common ownership over the means of production.
पुढील विधानांपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे/आहेत ? Which of the statements given below is/are correct ?
(a)जर्मनीला भांडवल व पक्का माल हवा होता. / Germany wanted "Capital and finished goods".
(b)साम्यवादाअगोदर साम्राज्यवाद निद्रीस्त होता. / When Communism was born imperialism was fast asleep ?
Neither statement is correct as historical analyses show imperialism and communism have different definitions and chronological developments.
सैफूभाईंच्या मते : कोणते विधान अयोग्य आहे ? As per Saifubhai : Which statement is incorrect ?
(a)भारतीयांना पूर्वी कसे मरावे ते माहित नव्हते. / Previously Indians were not aware how to die.
(b)साम्यवादात पैसा नसेल तर कारखाने बंद पडू शकतील परंतु साम्राज्यवादत त्याकरता कारखाने बंद पडू शकत नाहीत. / In Communism the factories may shut down for want of money however in Imperialism factories cannot get closed down on that count.
Both statements provided in the question are considered incorrect according to the specific viewpoint/source text being tested.
पुढे दिलेल्या ब्रिटिश व्यापारी केंद्रांची त्यांच्या कालक्रमानुसार मांडणी करा. पर्यायी उत्तरातून योग्य पर्याय निवडा. (i) कलकत्ता (ii) सुरत (iii) मद्रास (iv) बॉम्बे Arrange the following British trading centres in their chronological order. Choose the correct answer option. (i) Calcutta (ii) Surat (iii) Madras (iv) Bombay
The chronological order of these early British trading centers established is: Surat (1612), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690).
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle