Ancient India — MPSC PYQ

सीमुक हा ________ घराण्याचा संस्थापक होता. Simuka was the founder of the ________ dynasty.

Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana dynasty, having overthrown the Kanva dynasty in ancient India.

हर्षवर्धन या राजाने खालीलपैकी कोणते साहित्य लिहिले ? / Which of the following literature was written by King Harshavardhana ?

King Harshavardhana authored three Sanskrit plays: Ratnavali, Priyadarshika, and Nagananda. Harshacharita was written by Banabhatta, his court poet.

'मालविकाग्निमित्र' या प्राचीन नाटकात कोणत्या दोन राजघराण्याच्या वैवाहिक संबंधावर प्रकाश पडतो ? On which of the following matrimonial relationship between two Royal families, the ancient drama ‘Malavikagnimitra’ throws light ?

Kalidasa's drama 'Malavikagnimitra' depicts the love story and matrimonial alliance involving Agnimitra, the Shunga prince, and Malavika, along with political relations with the Vidarbha (Yadnyasen) kingdom.

वैदीक काळात व्यापारात विनिमयाचे माध्यम काय होते ? What was the medium of trade exchange during vedic period ?

During the Vedic period, Nishka, Krusnal, and Shatman were used as standard units of value or media of exchange, whereas Gan and Shreni refer to political or guild organizations.

उत्तर भारता विषयी तपशीलवार माहिती असलेला तहकिक-इ-हिंद हा ग्रंथ कोणी लिहीला ? Who wrote the book called Tahqiq-i-Hind, which gives a detailed description of North India ?

Al-Biruni, the famous Persian scholar who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni, wrote 'Tahqiq-i-Hind' (Kitab al-Hind), providing a comprehensive account of Indian science, religion, and North Indian society.

राजस्थान मध्ये मघ्याश्म युगाची संस्कृती असणारे मोठे ठिकाण कोणते ? Which of the following is a large Mesolithic site in Rajasthan ?

Bagor is one of the largest and best-documented Mesolithic sites in India, located in the Bhilwara district of Rajasthan, showcasing microlithic industry and animal domestication.

जोड्या लावा : महाजनपदे (a) काशी (b) कोसल (c) मगध (d) वत्स Match the following : Mahajanapada (a) Kashi (b) Kosal (c) Magadha (d) Vatsa राजा (i) बिंबिसार (ii) अश्वसेन (iii) उदयन (iv) प्रसेनजीत King (i) Bimbisara (ii) Ashwasena (iii) Udayan (iv) Prasenjit

Correct matching of Mahajanapadas with their prominent contemporary rulers: Kashi was ruled by Ashwasena (or associated kings), Kosala by Prasenjit, Magadha by Bimbisara, and Vatsa by Udayana.

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जोड्या लावा : Match the pairs :

Ian Hodder is associated with Contextual Archaeology (ii), Lewis Binford with New Archaeology/Scientific Philosophy (iv), David Clarke with Interdisciplinary evidences (iii), and Cause and Effect relations tie into processual approaches (i).

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एकविसाव्या शतकातील पुरातत्त्व खूप वेगळे असेल कारण : Archaeology in the twenty-first century will be very different because :

Modern archaeology goes beyond mere material relics to reconstruct the cognitive, social, and economic lives of ancient humans, marking a shift towards processual and cognitive archaeology.

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संदर्भप्रणीत पुरातत्त्वशास्त्राच्या मते : (a) संस्कृतीचा अभ्यास करताना केवळ शास्त्रीय पुराव्यांवर अवलंबून राहणे योग्य नाही. (b) उत्खननात मिळालेल्या वस्तूचा संदर्भ हा वस्तूचं कार्य समजून घेण्यासाठी आवश्यक आहे. (c) आर्यांमुळे मोहेंजोदरोचा सात वेळा नाश झाला. (d) मानवी संस्कृतीचा घटनाक्रम लिहिणे हे पुरातत्त्वशास्त्राचे मुख्य उद्दिष्ट आहे. According to Contextual Archaeology : (a) It is not right to depend only on scientific evidences while studying a culture. (b) It is necessary to understand the context of an excavated material for understanding its function. (c) Mohenjodaro was destroyed seven times because of the Aryans. (d) The main aim of Archaeology is to record the chronology of human culture.

Contextual Archaeology emphasizes that relying solely on scientific data is insufficient (a) and that the context of an artifact is essential to understand its function (b). Statement (c) is a myth/unsupported claim.

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विसाव्या शतकाच्या उत्तरार्धात पुरातत्त्वविद्येच्या क्षेत्रात कोणता नवा विचारप्रवाह रुजला ? (a) पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रामध्ये इंग्लंड आणि अमेरिकेच्या तज्ज्ञांची मते सर्वमान्य झाली. (b) संदर्भप्रणीत पुरातत्वाला विरोध होऊ लागला. (c) प्राचीन मानवाच्या मनोव्यापाऱ्यांच्या अभ्यासाला सुरुवात झाली. (d) पुरातत्त्वविद्या ही विज्ञानासारख्या पद्धती आणि विविध खेळाच्या संकल्पना वापरू लागली. Which new ideology took roots in Archaeology in the second half of the twentieth century ? (a) Opinions of English and American experts in Archaeology gained acceptance. (b) There was resistance to Contextual Archaeology. (c) Mentalities of the ancient humans began to be studied. (d) Archaeology began using scientific methods and concepts of sciences.

In the latter half of the 20th century, archaeology increasingly incorporated scientific methodologies, quantitative techniques, and models borrowed from other sciences (New Archaeology).

जोड्या जुळवा : / Match the following :

In ancient Vedic philosophy texts (Upanishads/Brahmanas), Parikshit is correctly paired with his respective philosophical context/region (i), Janamejaya with (ii), Pravahana-Jaivali with (iii), and Janaka with (iv), maintaining standard textual mappings.

पुढील राज्य काय होती ? / What were the following States ?

States like Malavas, Arjunayanas, Yaudheyas, Madrakas, Abhiras, Prarjunas, Sanakanikas, Kakas, and Kharaparikas are mentioned in the Allahabad Pillar Inscription (Praghyati Prasasti) as the tribal republics and frontier states that submitted to Samudragupta.

इ.स. 75 मध्ये ________ यांनी भारतातील निर्यातीचा संदर्भ असलेला 'नॅचरल हिस्ट्री' हा ग्रंथ लिहिला. ________ wrote 'Natural History' in 75 A.D. in which there are references to exports from India.

Pliny the Elder wrote 'Natural History' (Naturalis Historia) around 75 A.D., which provides extensive details on Roman trade, including large-scale bullion drain to India for exports.

मौर्य पूर्व काळात भारत ______ म्हणून ओळखला जाई. In the Pre-Mauryan period India was known as ______

In the pre-Mauryan and ancient trade periods, India or specific coastal regions had historical nomenclature. Historically, ancient maritime references point to titles like 'The Queen of the Eastern Seas' or similar descriptions in ancient trade texts.

पुढील राज घराणी व त्यांचे राजे यांच्या जोड्या लावा : अ. राष्ट्रकूट I. गोपाल ब. चोळ II. उपेंद्र क. पाल III. दंतीदुर्ग ड. परमार IV. विजयलाय Match the following dynasties and their kings : a. Rashtrakut I. Gopal b. Chola II. Upendra c. Palas III. Dantidurga d. Parmars IV. Vijayalaya

Rashtrakutas were founded by Dantidurga, Cholas by Vijayalaya, Palas by Gopal, and Parmars by Upendra, making option 4 the correct chronological and factual match.

अकेमेनिड विजया नंतर भारताच्या सीमेवर, विशेषकरून कंबोज मध्ये _______ हा नवा उद्योग सुरु झाला. It was the result of Achaemenid conquest that a new industry of _______ developed in Indian borderland, specially in Kamboj.

Following the Achaemenid (Persian) conquest under Darius, cultural and commercial exchanges led to the development of the blanket-making industry in the northwestern borderlands, particularly in Kamboja.

जोड्या जुळवा : अ. कामरूपचा राजा ब. सिंधचा राज्यकर्ता क. काश्मीरचा राजा ड. वळभीचा राजा I. याला प्रभाकरवर्धनाने आधिच कमकुवत केले होते. II. हर्षाच्या इच्छेविरुद्ध एका चिनी यात्रीकर्‍या आपल्या राजधानीत अडकवून ठेवू शकला नाही. III. याला हर्षाला दाताचा अवशेष देण्यास भाग पाडले. IV. कनोजच्या सम्राटाच्या सैन्या समोरून एकदा पळून गेला परंतु नंतर त्याच्या मुलीशी विवाह केला. Match the following : a. The king of Kamarupa b. The ruler of Sind c. The ruler of Kashmir d. The ruler of Valabhi I. Was already humbled by Prabhakarvardhna. II. Dared not detain a Chinese pilgrim at his capital against the wish of Harsha. III. Was compelled to surrender a tooth relic to Harsha. IV. Had once fled before the advancing arms of Kanauj Monarch but later married his daughter.

King of Kamarupa (Baskarvarman) was allied with Harsha, ruler of Sind was humbled by Prabhakarvardhana, ruler of Kashmir was forced to give a tooth relic, and Valabhi ruler (Dhruvasena II) fled initially but married Harsha's daughter.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या विद्वान स्त्रिया ऋग्वेदा काळाशी संबंधीत होत्या ? Who from the following women scholars were related to the Rigvedic Period ?

All the women mentioned (Visvavara, Apala, Lopamudra, and Ghosha) were renowned female scholars and composers of Vedic hymns (Brahmavadinis) during the Rigvedic period.

पुढीलपैकी कोणत्या गुप्त राजाने महेंद्रादित्य ही पदवी घेतली ? Who from the following Gupta kings took the title of Mahendraditya ?

Kumaragupta I of the Gupta dynasty assumed the title of 'Mahendraditya'.

जोड्या लावा : Match the following :

Vedic period administrative terms match correctly in direct order: Takshan refers to carpenter, Bhagadugha refers to collector of taxes, Kshattri refers to chamberlain/dispenser, and Vidatha refers to an early Aryan tribal assembly.

खालील विधानांचा विचार करा व उत्तराचा योग्य पर्याय निवडा : अ. महाराष्ट्रातील जोर्वे, नेवासा, दायमाबाद, चांदोली, सोनगांव, इनामगांव, प्रकाशे, नाशिक, इत्यादी ठिकाणी ताम्रपाषाण युगीन संस्कृतीचे अवशेष मिळाले आहेत. ब. राजस्थानमध्ये आहार व गिलुंड, मध्यप्रदेशातील माळवा, कायथा, एरण, इत्यादि ठिकाणी ताम्रपाषाण युगीन संस्कृतीचे अवशेष मिळाले आहेत.

Both statements are correct. Maharashtra houses Chalcolithic Jorwe culture sites like Daimabad, Nevasa, Inamgaon, etc., while Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh contain sites like Ahar, Gilund, Malwa, and Eran.

दाशराज युद्ध पुढीलपैकी कोणात घडले होते ?

The Battle of the Ten Kings (Dasharajna War) was fought on the banks of the Ravi River (Parushni) between the Bharata tribe (led by King Sudas) and a confederation of ten other tribes.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या शिलालेखात सम्राट अशोकाच्या 'धम्म' ची माहिती आहे ? / Which of the following edicts have information about Samrat Ashoka's Dhamma ?

Minor edicts and major rock edicts of Ashoka provide detailed information regarding his policy of Dhamma, moral conduct, and non-violence. The question targets specific epigraphical sources for Ashoka's Dhamma.

चंद्रगुप्त मौर्यच्या राज्याचे चार प्रांत व त्यांच्या राजधान्या यांच्या जोड्या जुळवा : अ. उत्तरपथ I. पाटलीपुत्र ब. पश्चिम पथ II. सुवर्णगिरी क. पूर्व पथ III. उज्जयिनी ड. दक्षिण पथ IV. तक्षशिला Match the four provinces in Chandragupta Maurya's kingdom with their capitals : a. Uttarapatha I. Patliputra b. Paschim path II. Suvarnagiri c. Purva path III. Ujjayini d. Dakshin path IV. Takshashila

The Mauryan provinces and their capitals were: Uttarapatha – Takshashila (IV), Paschim path (Avanti) – Ujjayini (III), Purva path (Prachya) – Pataliputra (I), and Dakshin path – Suvarnagiri (II). That gives IV, III, I, II, which is option 3.

खालील विधानावरून व्यक्ती ओळखा : अ. विशाल साम्राज्याचा संस्थापक. ब. सुसंस्कृत, विद्वान आणि कवी. क. प्रसिद्ध कवि हरिसेन हा त्याचा राजकवी होता व बौद्धपंडीत वसुबंधू त्याच्या दरबारात होता. ड. 'भारतीय नेपोलियन' अशी विन्सेंट स्मिथ त्याची प्रशंसा करतात. Identify the person from the following description : a. Founder of a great empire. b. Cultured, scholar and a poet. c. The famous poet Harisena was his court poet and Buddhist scholar Vasubandhu was in his court. d. Vincent Smith praises him as the 'Indian Napoleon'.

Samudragupta was a great conqueror and founder of imperial Gupta expansion, a scholar and poet (often called Kaviraja), patronized Harisena and Vasubandhu, and was famously described as the 'Indian Napoleon' by historian Vincent Smith.

पुढे दिलेल्या महाजनपदांच्या त्यांच्या आधुनिक नावांशी जोड्या जुळवा : अ. अंग I. दक्षिण बिहार ब. मगध II. पूर्व बिहार क. वज्जी III. उत्तर बिहार ड. मल्ला IV. गोरखपुर जिल्हा

Anga corresponded to eastern Bihar (Champa region), Magadha to southern Bihar (Patna/Gaya), Vajji to northern Bihar (Vaishali), and Malla to the Gorakhpur region. Matching them sequentially gives II, I, III, IV.

सिंधू संस्कृतीचे शोधकर्ते व त्यांनी शोधलेली नगरे यांच्या जोड्या लावा : अ. हडप्पा I. राखालदास बॅनर्जी ब. मोहेंजोदडो II. रंगनाथ राव क. चंहूडडो III. दयाराम साहनी ड. लोथल IV. गोपाल मजूमदार Match the following explorers of Sindhu civilization with cities discovered by them : a. Harappa I. Rakhaldas Banerji b. Mohenjodaro II. Ranganath Rao c. Chanhudaro III. Dayaram Sahni d. Lothal IV. Gopal Majumdar

Correct match of Harappan sites and their excavators: Harappa was discovered by Dayaram Sahni (III), Mohenjodaro by Rakhaldas Banerji (I), Chanhudaro by Gopal Majumdar (IV), and Lothal by Ranganath Rao (II).

खालीलपैकी कोणता मृदु दगड सिंधू संस्कृतीतील मुद्रा बनवण्यासाठी वापरण्यात आला ? Which of the following soft stones was used to make the seals in Sindhu civilization ?

Steatite (soapstone), a very soft stone, was primarily used by the artisans of the Indus Valley Civilization for carving and manufacturing intricate seals.

महाजनपदे व त्यांचे राजे यांच्या जोड्या लावा : अ. कोसल I. बिंबिसार ब. मगध II. प्रद्योत क. वत्स III. प्रसेनजित ड. अवंती IV. उदयन् अ ब क ड Match the Mahajanapadas and their kings : a. Kosal I. Bimbisar b. Magadha II. Pradyot c. Vatsa III. Prasenjit d. Avanti IV. Udyan a b c d

Kosal was ruled by Prasenjit (III), Magadha by Bimbisara (I), Vatsa by Udayana (IV), and Avanti by Pradyota (II). Matching these yields III, I, IV, II.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या बौद्ध ग्रंथात सोळा महाजनपदांचा उल्लेख आढळतो ? Which of the following Buddhist texts refer to the sixteen Mahajanapadas ?

The Buddhist text 'Anguttara Nikaya' along with the Jain text 'Bhagavati Sutra' contains the primary historical list of the sixteen Mahajanapadas.

पुढीलपैकी संगम साहित्यातील कवी कोण होते ते ओळख. State who amongst the following were the poets of the Sangama literature.

Tolkappiyar, Valluvar, Elango Adigal, and Sittalai Sattanar are all renowned classical poets and authors of the Sangam literature era in South India.

___________ मात्र, अश्म युगांतर लगेचच लोह युगाची सुरवात झाली, आणि मध्यंतरीच्या काळातील ताम्र युगाच्या खुणाही सापडत नाहीत. In ___________ however, the Iron Age immediately succeeded the Stone Age, and we find no traces of the intermediate Copper Age.

In South India, the Iron Age immediately succeeded the Stone Age without a distinct intermediate Copper (Chalcolithic) Age phase, unlike Northern India.

खालील विधाने वाचून उत्तराचा योग्य पर्याय निवडा. प्राचीन काळात भारतीयांनी ग्रीक नाण्यांचे अनुकरण केले, कारण Read the following statements and choose the correct answer option. In ancient times Indians had imitated the Greek coins, because

Ancient Indians imitated Greek coins because Indian punch-marked coins lacked uniform weight and shape, whereas Greek coins were attractive, of precise weight, and well-minted.

ख्रिस्त पूर्व 323 मध्ये बॅबीलोन येथे अलेक्झांडरचा मृत्यू झाल्याची बातमी आली आणि ______ आणि ______ यांनी लोकांना परकीय आक्रमणका विरुद्ध भडकावले. / As the news of Alexander's death at Babylon, in 323 BC came, ______ and ______ roused the people against the foreign invader.

Upon hearing the news of Alexander's death in 323 BC, Chandragupta Maurya and Chanakya capitalized on the political vacuum and roused people against foreign garrisons in Punjab.

पुढीलपैकी विजोड व्यक्ती ओळखा. अ. चाणक्य ब. विष्णुगुप्त क. रामगुप्त ड. कौटिल्य इ. विष्णू शर्मा फ. पक्षिन स्वामी Pick out the odd persons from the following. a. Chanakya b. Vishnugupta c. Ramgupta d. Kautilya e. Vishnu Sharma f. Pakshin Swami

Chanakya, Vishnugupta, Kautilya, and Pakshin Swami are various names/appellations of the same legendary statesman and author of Arthashastra. Ramgupta (Gupta king) and Vishnu Sharma (author of Panchatantra) are completely different individuals.

सिंधू संस्कृतीतील लोकांनी ______ पाळलेला होता किंवा नाही या बद्दल शंका आहेत. / There are some doubts whether _______ was domesticated by the Indus Valley people or not.

There has been historical debate regarding the domestication of the horse by the Indus Valley Civilization people, though skeletal remains and terracotta figurines have been found at sites like Surkotada.

पुढील दोन विधानांपैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ? अ. आधुनिक मनुष्य इओसीन काळखंडात जन्मास आला. ब. डायनोसोअर क्रिटेशियस कालावधीत नाहीसे झाले. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? a. Modern man originated in Eocene epoch. b. Dinosaurs got extinct in Cretaceous period.

Modern man (Homo sapiens) originated in the Pleistocene epoch (not Eocene), while dinosaurs indeed went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period.

चुकीची जोडी ओळखा : / Find out the wrongly matched pair :

Gupta period temple architecture includes important sites like the Shiva temple at Bhumara, Parvati temple at Nachna-Kuthara, and Vishnu temple at Tigawa. The mismatched pair relates to incorrect pairing of temples and locations.

अगदी सुरुवातीची संस्कृत नाटकं त्यांनी लिहीली. ती ताडपत्रावर लिहिलेली हस्तलिखीते तुकड्यांच्या स्वरूपात खरे तर आहेत, व आश्चर्याची गोष्ट म्हणजे ती गोबीच्या वाळवंटाच्या सीमेवरील तुरफान या ठिकाणी सापडली. प्राचीन भारतातील हा कोणता लेखक आहे ?

Ashvaghosha wrote some of the earliest Sanskrit dramas, fragments of which were discovered on birch bark manuscripts in Turfan near the Gobi desert.

खालीलपैकी कोणती नाटके हर्षवर्धनाने लिहीली ? (i) प्रियदर्शिका (ii) रत्नावली (iii) नागानंद Which of the following plays were written by Harshavardhan ? (i) Priyadarsika (ii) Ratanavali (iii) Nagananda

Emperor Harshavardhana was a noted playwright and Sanskrit scholar who authored three famous Sanskrit plays: Priyadarsika, Ratnavali, and Nagananda.

अजातशत्रू बाबत पुढीलपैकी कोणती विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? / Which of the following statements are true about Ajatashatru ?

Ajatashatru was also known as Kunika, integrated the Lichhavi kingdom into Magadha, and the first Buddhist council was held at Rajagriha during his reign. However, he was not the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty; Nagadaksh/Bhaṭṭiya or Udayin succeeded later, making (b) incorrect.

खालील (A) आणि (B) विधाने वाचून पर्यायी उत्तरातून योग्य पर्याय निवडा. (A) भारतीय समाजव्यवस्था सात जातींमध्ये विभागल्याचा उल्लेख मेगॅस्थेनिस करतो. (B) मेगॅस्थेनिसचा जात व व्यवसाय यात गोंधळ उडालेला दिसतो. Read statements (A) and (B) and choose appropriate option from the answer options : (A) Megasthenes mentions seven castes into which the Indian society was divided. (B) Megasthenes confused castes with professions.

Megasthenes in his book 'Indica' mentioned that Indian society was divided into seven castes, but historians note that he actually mistook occupations and social classes for castes, making both statements true and (B) the correct explanation for (A).

गांधार कलशैली ______ कलशैलीने प्रभावित झालेली होती. Gandhar art was influenced by ______ art.

Gandhara art was heavily influenced by Greco-Roman (युनानी व रोमन) artistic traditions, reflecting Hellenistic realism combined with Buddhist themes.

नद्या व त्यांच्या वैदिक नावांच्या जोड्या लावा. / Match the rivers with their vedic names.

In Vedic literature, Sarsuti/Drishadvati/Sindhu represent ancient river names. Specifically, Vitasta is Jhelum, Asikni is Chenab, Parushni is Ravi, and Saraswati is Sarsuti.