Freedom Struggle — MPSC PYQ

सर्वसामान्यांच्या अहिंसक चळवळी वसाहतवादी अधिकाऱ्यांना नेहमीच अडचणीत टाकतात, कारण _________. Non-violent movements of the common people always put colonial authorities in trouble, because _________.

When colonial authorities use force against peaceful, non-violent satyagrahis, it strips away the veneer of legitimacy and exposes that brute police/military force is the ultimate foundation of colonial rule.

खालील विधाने वाचा : a. 'व्यापक जनसंघटनांच्या आधारे चालविण्यात येणारी एक वर्चस्ववादी चळवळ' असे भारतीय राष्ट्रीय चळवळीचे स्वरूप होते. b. वर्चस्ववादी जनआंदोलनांच्या स्वरूपामुळे अहिंसा राष्ट्रीय चळवळीचा एक मूलभूत घटक ठरली. c. चळवळीचे अहिंसक प्रकार स्वीकारल्याने सर्वसामान्य जनतेला या चळवळीत सहभागी होता आले. Read the statements : a. The Indian National Movement was in the form of a 'hegemonic movement carried out on the basis of broad mass organization'. b. Non-violence became a fundamental element of the National Movement due to the hegemonic nature of the mass movement. c. The adoption of non-violent forms of movement enabled the common people to participate in this movement.

Statement b posits that non-violence became a fundamental element due to the hegemonic mass-movement nature of the Indian freedom struggle. Statement c logically follows as an outcome (result) of this adoption, making c the result of b.

असत्य विधान ओळखा. (1) सर्वसामान्यांच्या अहिंसक चळवळीला आम जनतेचा पाठिंबा असतो. (2) वसाहतवादी राजवटीचे वर्चस्व किंवा नैतिक आधार कणाकणाने नष्ट होत जातो. (3) अहिंसक चळवळ दडपून टाकल्याने वसाहतवादी राजवटीच्या वर्चस्वाला धक्का पोहोचतो. (4) लोकवाद व नैतिकता हाच वसाहतवादी राजवटीचा खरा आधार असल्याचे उघडकीस येते. Identify the incorrect statement. (1) The non-violent movement of the common people has the support of the general public. (2) The dominance or moral basis of the colonial regime is gradually being destroyed. (3) Suppressing non-violent movements undermines the dominance of colonial rule. (4) It is revealed that populism and morality are the true basis of colonial rule.

Colonial rule is actually based on coercion, exploitation, and institutional dominance, not on populism and morality. Therefore, statement 4 claiming populism and morality as the true basis is incorrect.

स्त्रियांना भारतीय राष्ट्रीय चळवळीत सहभाग होता आले, कारण Women were able to participate in the Indian National Movement because

Women were able to participate extensively in the Indian National Movement primarily because non-violence was an intrinsic part of the movement's character, which eliminated physical combat barriers and encouraged moral resistance.

असत्य विधान ओळखा. Identify the incorrect statement.

Statement 'd' is incorrect because suppressing a peaceful movement through brute force is morally indefensible in a democratic framework.

हैदराबाद संस्थान विलीनीकरणणात मार्गदर्शक म्हणून भूमिका बजावणारे लेफ्टनंट जनरल कोण होते ? / Who was the Lieutenant General who played a guiding role in the merger of Hyderabad State ?

Major General (later Lt Gen) Syed Ahmed El Edroos was commander of Hyderabad forces, but Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow or other generals guided operations. Specifically, Maj Gen Rajinder Singh played a key role during Operation Polo.

इ. स. 1918, साली मुंबईतील कामगारांना 'पिपल्स युनियन' ही संघटना स्थापना करण्याचा उपदेश कोणी केला होता ? In 1918 A. D., who advised to the Mumbai workers to establish the organization 'People's Union' ?

Lokmanya Tilak or other leaders advised workers, but specific labour union developments like 'People's Union' in Mumbai in 1918 were associated with early organizational efforts involving nationalist leaders.

9. पुढील राजकीय संघटनांचा कालानुक्रमे योग्य क्रम लावा. अ. पुणे सार्वजनिक सभा ब. बॉम्बे प्रेसिडेन्सी असोसिएशन क. मद्रास महाजन सभा ड. इंडियन असोसिएशन Arrange the following political organizations chronologically. a. Pune Sarvajanik Sabha b. Bombay Presidency Association c. Madras Mahajan Sabha d. Indian Association

Chronology of political organizations: Pune Sarvajanik Sabha (1870), Indian Association (1876), Madras Mahajan Sabha (1884), Bombay Presidency Association (1885). Thus, order is a, d, c, b (अ ड क ब).

खालीलपैकी कोणता निर्णय साबरमती कराराने घेण्यात आला ? Which of the following decision was taken by Sabarmati treaty ?

The Sabarmati pact or agreement led to the decision that a committee comprising Motilal Nehru and Jayakar should determine the members of the Central Legislature.

इ. स. 1934 मध्ये 'कर्षक संघम' एक शेतकरी संघटना म्हणून खालीलपैकी कोणत्या प्रांतात स्थापन करण्यात आली ? In 1934 A. D., which of the following region, witnessed the establishment of 'Karshak Sangham' as a peasant organisation ?

In 1934, the 'Karshak Sangham' was established as a peasant organization in Kerala (Malabar region) to fight against landlord exploitation and high rents.

दांडीयात्रेचा उल्लेख 'रामाचा लंकेवरील ऐतिहासिक मोर्चा' असे कोणी केला ? Who remarked about the 'Dandi Yatra' as, Rama's Historical March to Lanka ?

The historical description of Dandi Yatra as 'Rama's Historical March to Lanka' was a famous poetic analogy used by contemporary chroniclers/leaders.

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'स्वराज' या संकल्पनेत खालीलपैकी कोणत्या घटकांचा समावेश होतो ? / Which of the following factor/s are included in the concept of 'Swaraj'?

The concept of 'Swaraj' includes self-determination (अ) and every village experiencing self-government (ब). C and D talk about propagation and elaboration which are historical facts rather than internal components of the core definition.

'स्वराज' संकल्पनेबाबत खालीलपैकी योग्य घटक ओळख. In respect of 'Swaraj' concept identify the correct factors among the following.

Swaraj movements helped develop Indian democracy (Statement A) and the concept encompasses the comprehensive liberation of the Indian masses (Statement B). Statements C and D incorrectly restrict Swaraj to only self-rule or only self-determination.

18 जुलै, 1947 रोजी ब्रिटिश पार्लमेंटने कोणत्या कायद्याला मान्यता दिली ? वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहे/आहेत ? Which Act was sanctioned by British Parliament on 18th July, 1947 ? Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct ?

The Indian Independence Act was sanctioned by the British Parliament on 18th July 1947, paving the way for the creation of India and Pakistan.

भारतात चंद्रशेखर आझाद आणि सरदार भगतसिंग या सारख्या क्रांतिकारकांनी हिंदुस्थान सोशालिस्त रिपब्लिकन असोसिएशन नावाची संघटना कोठे स्थापन केली ? Where was the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association established by revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Sardar Bhagat Singh?

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was founded by Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh and others at Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi in 1928.

खालीलपैकी कोणते वाक्य बरोबर आहे ? पहिलं वाक्य : एम.एन. रॉय हे लिबरल पक्षाचे नेते होते. दुसरे वाक्य : एम.एन. रॉय हे रॅडिकल डेमोक्रॅटिक पक्षाचे नेते होते. Which of the following sentences is correct ? First sentence : M.N. Roy was the leader of the Liberal Party. Second sentence : M.N. Roy was the leader of the Radical Democratic Party.

M.N. Roy started his political career as a radical communist and later founded the Radical Democratic Party. He was never a leader of the Liberal Party.

इंडिपेंडेंस फॉर इंडिया लीगची स्थापना खालीलपैकी कोणी केली ? Who among the following founded the Independence for India League ?

The Independence for India League was established in 1928 by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose to oppose dominion status and demand complete independence.

'स्वदेशी वस्तू प्रचारिणी सभा' या संस्थेच्या प्रमुखपदी खालीलपैकी कोण विराजमान होते ? Who among the following was head of the 'Swadeshi Vastu Pracharini Sabha' organization ?

The 'Swadeshi Vastu Pracharini Sabha' was an organization formed during the Swadeshi movement to promote indigenous goods, headed by prominent leaders.

महाराष्ट्रातून अंदमानात पाठविलेले कैदी आणि त्यांची राहण्याची ठिकाणे यांच्या जोड्या जुळवा. Match the following prisoners sent from Maharashtra to Andaman with their place of residence.

Freedom fighters from Maharashtra sent to Cellular Jail in Andaman were associated with specific native regions: Pandu Bhorji from Khandesh Yaval, Adhuria from Nagar, etc.

18 नोव्हेंबर, 1899 रोजी दिनशॉ वाचा यांनी दादाभाई नौरोजींना पत्र लिहून काँग्रेसच्या अपयशांची मीमांसा केली. Dinshaw Wancha wrote a letter to Dadabhai Naoroji on 18th Nov. 1899 to convey the failure of Congress.

Dinshaw Wacha criticized early Congress methods in his 1899 letter to Dadabhai Naoroji, pointing out irregular work, leisure-time politics, and descriptive rhetoric ('we only bark, do not bite').

भारताच्या मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष (सी.पी.आय.-एम) ची स्थापना केव्हा झाली ?

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) - CPI(M) split from the CPI and was established in 1964.

जोड्या जुळवा : (a) मयूरभंज (i) मध्यवर्ती राज्यकारभार (b) कोल्हापूर (ii) मुंबई प्रांतात विलीन (c) रामपूर (iii) ओरिसात विलीन (d) भोपाळ (iv) उत्तर प्रदेशात विलीन

Mayurbhanj was integrated into central administration initially before merging with Orissa, Kolhapur was merged into the Bombay province, Rampur into Uttar Pradesh, and Bhopal into the central administration (though listed here as matching options). Based on standard merger matching, Mayurbhanj goes to Orissa (iii), Kolhapur to Bombay (ii), Rampur to UP (iv), and Bhopal to central administration (i).

चुकीची जोडी ओळखड़ा. (1) दास्ता - बक्रोका टापू (2) सियाराम दल - बिहार (3) परशुराम दल - ओरिसा (4) हिंदुस्तान सोशलिस्ट रिपब्लिकन आर्मी - उत्तर प्रदेश

Parashuram Dal was active in regions other than Orissa or the pairing provided in option 3 is factually incorrect.

पुढीलपैकी कोणत्या स्त्रियांनी स्त्री वर्गाला स्वातंत्र्याचा अहिंसक लढा लढण्यास उद्युक्त केले होते ?

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Hansa Mehta, Ratanben Mehta, and Ramibai Kamdar were prominent women who mobilized women to participate in the non-violent freedom struggle, particularly during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

डॉ. भिमराव आंबेडकर आणि शामाप्रसाद मुखर्र्जी हे कोणत्या विरोधी पक्षाचे नेते होते ? / Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and Shyamaprasad Mukherjee were leaders of which opposition parties ?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Syama Prasad Mukherjee represented specific opposition parties in the early post-independence Lok Sabha (such as Scheduled Castes Federation and Bharatiya Jan Sangh respectively).

सविनय कायदेभंग चळवळी बद्दल पुढील विधानांत कोणते/कोणती विधान/विधाने खरे/खरी नाहीत ? Which of the following statements about Civil Disobedience Movement is/are not true ?

During the Civil Disobedience Movement, the business community did not universally support the British government; rather, sections of the Indian business community supported nationalist aims or remained neutral, making statement 4 incorrect.

______ यांच्या शिवाय देशातील जवळ जवळ सर्वच प्रमुख व्यक्ती राष्ट्रीय सभेत सामील झाल्या होत्या. Almost all the leading personalities of the country except ______ joined the Congress.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan kept away from the Indian National Congress and instead founded organizations like the United Indian Patriotic Association.

भारतीय राष्ट्रीय काँग्रेसने पहिल्या अधिवेशनात पारित केलेल्या खालील ठरावाबाबत काय खरे आहे ? Which of the following is/are included in the resolutions passed by the Indian National Congress in its first session?

In its very first session in 1885, the Indian National Congress passed resolutions calling for a Royal Commission to inquire into Indian administration, the abolition of the India Council of the Secretary of State, reduction of military expenditure, and opposition to the annexation of Upper Burma.

जोड्या लावा : Match the following :

Dhumketu was associated with Kolkata, Navayuga with Guntur, Socialist with Mumbai, and Vanguard of Indian Independence with Berlin (M.N. Roy's journal). Thus the sequence is I II III IV.

'दोन कोरड्या रोट्या, एक पेलाभर पाणी आणि प्रत्येक संपादकियाबद्दल दहा वर्षे सक्तमजुरी' या पगारावर कोणत्या वृत्तपत्राने संपादकपदाची जाहिरात दिली होती ? Which newspaper gave an advertisement for the post of editor with the payment of 'Two dry breads (rotis), a glass of water and ten years imprisonment for each editorial'?

The famous advertisement offering 'two dry rotis, a glass of water and ten years of rigorous imprisonment for each editorial' was published by Swarajya, the Urdu weekly from Allahabad, whose editors were repeatedly jailed for sedition.

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पुढील दोन विधानांपैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ? Which of the following two statements is/are correct ?

Neither statement is considered correct in standard political-historical analysis. Parties do have economic agendas, and Nehru prioritized both nation-building, secularism, and economic planning (like Five-Year Plans) rather than abandoning secularism.

'इंडियन ओपिनियन' हे वर्तमानपत्र कोठून सुरू करण्यात आले ? The 'Indian Opinion' was a newspaper launched from

Mahatma Gandhi started the newspaper 'Indian Opinion' in 1903 during his stay in South Africa to voice the grievances of Indians.

“हिंदू-मुस्लिम ऐक्याचे दूत” असे जिनांचे वर्णन कोणी केले आहे ?

Sarojini Naidu described Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the 'Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity' due to his role in the 1916 Lucknow Pact.

रावसाहेब पेशवे, भाऊसाहेब लिमये, गणेश केशव लिमये, भाऊराव लिमये, भाऊसाहेब काशीनाथ खाजगीवाले, राजसाहेब, विठ्ठल छत्रे आणि बलवंत जगदंब ही नावे पुढीलपैकी कोणत्या व्यक्तीने घेतली होती ? Who from the following took various names such as Raosaheb Peshwa, Bhausaheb Limaye, Ganesh Keshav Limaye, Bhaurao Limaye, Bahusaheb Kashinath Khasgiwale, Rajesaheb, Vithal Chhatre and Balwant Jagadamb?

Sadashiv Nilkanth Joshi of Pune used multiple aliases such as Raosaheb Peshwa, Bhausaheb Limaye, etc., during revolutionary activities.

क्रिप्स यांचे भारतीय मित्र हे देखील त्यांच्यावर इतके नाराज झाले कि त्यांनी कबूल केले, "ही एक खेदाची गोष्ट आहे की क्रिप्स सारखी व्यक्तीही स्वतःला सैतानाचा वकील बनू देते." _____________, Cripps' best Indian friend, was so disappointed that he confessed, "It is sad beyond measure that a man like Cripps should allow himself to become the devil's advocate."

Jawaharlal Nehru was deeply disappointed by the Cripps Mission proposals and famously remarked about Sir Stafford Cripps becoming the devil's advocate.

मध्यवर्ती खिलाफत समितीच्या अलाहाबाद येथील सभेत राष्ट्रीयवादी हिंदू पुरोगामी विजयी झाले. त्यांना ________ यांचा पाठिंबा होता. The National Hindu Radicals who were supported by ______ were victorious at the Allahabad meeting of the Central Khilafat Committee.

At the Allahabad meeting of the Central Khilafat Committee, Mahatma Gandhi supported the nationalist Hindu radicals who favored non-cooperation.

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सैफूभाईच्या मते : Saifubhai's thinking :

Statement (b) that the rich cannot be revolutionary fighters is considered correct in this ideological context, while statement (a) claiming international inspiration is exclusively essential is incorrect.

खालीलपैकी कोणता क्रांतिकारक विचाराने नास्तिक व समाजवादी होता ? Who, among the following revolutionaries, was an atheist and a socialist in approach ?

Bhagat Singh was well known for his revolutionary, atheist, and socialist ideology, famously articulating this in his essay 'Why I Am an Atheist'.

फैजपूर येथील काँग्रेस अधिवेशनाबाबत खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान सत्य नाही ? Which one of the following statements about the Faizpur Session of Congress is not true ?

The Faizpur Session (1936) was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, not Shankarrao Deo, making statement 4 incorrect.

आरंभकालीन राष्ट्रवाद्यांनी 20 व्या शतकातील स्वातंत्र्यचलवळीसाठी भक्कम पाया घातला : The early nationalists provided the firm foundation to the 20th century freedom movement through :

The early nationalists (Moderates) exposed the exploitative nature of British rule through their pioneering economic critique of colonialism, which served as the intellectual foundation for future mass movements.

जुलाई 1947 पर्यंत काही संस्थानांचा भारतीय संघराज्यात विलीन होण्यास विरोध होता त्यात पुढील संस्थाने होती : The princely states that were unwilling to join the Indian Union until July 1947 included :

By July 1947, princely states like Travancore (under Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer) and Bhopal (under Nawab Hamidullah Khan) strongly resisted joining the Indian Union, declaring independent status initially.

इंग्रजी सत्तेविरुद्ध महात्मा गांधीच्या नेतृखालील अहिंसक आंदोलनापैकी जनमानसाला गतिशिल करणारी सगळयात प्रभावी चळवळ तुमच्या मते कोणती ? / Which of the following non-violent movements led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British Raj, you would rank as the most effective to mobilize the masses ?

The Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement mobilized millions across India, with the Quit India and Civil Disobedience movements marking unprecedented mass participation.

खालीलपैकी एक ब्रिटिश नेता आणि संसद सदस्याने स्वीकारले की, 1857 चा उठाव सैनिकी विद्रोह नसून 'राष्ट्रीय उठाव' होता : The following leading British Parliamentarian and Politician admitted that the Revolt of 1857 was a National Revolt and not a Military Mutiny :

Benjamin Disraeli, a prominent British Conservative leader and parliamentarian, famously described the 1857 revolt as a national uprising rather than a mere military mutiny in the House of Commons.

"ज्या युद्धामुळे स्वातंत्र्य व लोकशाही मिळणार नाही, कामगारवर्गाला ज्यापासून काहीच फायदा होणार नाही, त्या युद्धात भारताने सहभागी होऊ नये" - हा ठराव 1940 साली कोणी केला? Which organization passed the following resolution in 1940? "India should not take part in a war which will neither bring freedom or democracy, nor will the workers benefit in any way from it."

In 1940, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) passed a resolution opposing India's participation in World War II as it served neither freedom nor workers' interests.