Separation of Powers
Separation of Powers is a Polity concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 3 past MPSC questions (2020, 2021, 2025). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.
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या परिस्थितीमुळे 'न्यायिक सक्रियतेला' चालना मिळते. The situations that leads to 'Judicial Activism' are :
(a)जेव्हा विधिमंडळे आपली जबाबदारी पार पाडण्यात असफल होतात. / When the legislatures fails to discharge its responsibilities.
(b)अघांतरी (Hung) विधिमंडळ असताना सरकार हे फारच कमकुवत व अस्थिर असते. / In case of hung legislature where the government is very weak and instable.
(c)जेव्हा सरकार नागरिकांच्या मुलभुत अधिकारांचे संरक्षण करण्यात अपयशी ठरते. / When the government fail to protect the basic rights of the citizens.
(d)जेव्हा सत्तारूढ पक्ष आपल्या अंतस्थ उद्दिष्टांसाठी न्यायालयांचा दुरुपयोग करतात. / When the party in power misuses the courts of law for ulterior motives.
Judicial activism is triggered when legislatures fail in duties (a), during weak/hung governments (b), when fundamental rights fail protection (c), or due to executive overreach/misuse, making all options valid causes.
जिल्हा न्यायाधीशांच्या बाबतीत खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या : (a) जिल्हा न्यायाधीशांची नियुक्ती उच्च न्यायालयाच्या मुख्य न्यायाधीशांकडून केली जाते. (b) जिल्हा न्यायाधीशांची बदली करण्याचा अधिकार मुख्यमंत्र्यांना आहे. वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/त? / Consider the following statements regarding District Judges : (a) The appointment of District Judge is made by Chief Justice of High Court. (b) The Chief Minister has the authority to transfer the District Judge. Which of the statement/s given above is/are correct?
(a)जिल्हा न्यायाधीशांची नियुक्ती उच्च न्यायालयाच्या मुख्य न्यायाधीशांकडून केली जाते. / The appointment of District Judge is made by Chief Justice of High Court.
(b)जिल्हा न्यायाधीशांची बदली करण्याचा अधिकार मुख्यमंत्र्यांना आहे. / The Chief Minister has the authority to transfer the District Judge.
District Judges are appointed by the Governor of the state in consultation with the High Court (Statement a is wrong). The power to transfer District Judges also rests with the Governor in consultation with the High Court, not the Chief Minister (Statement b is wrong).
आधुनिक संविधानवाद या संकल्पनेची सुरुवात कोणत्या देशात झाली ? / In which country, the concept of Modern Constitutionalism was started ?
The concept of Modern Constitutionalism originated in the United States with the adoption of the written US Constitution in 1787.