Ecology & Ecosystems — MPSC PYQ

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ज्या पोषण प्रणालीमध्ये जीव मृत व अपघटित पदार्थांचे अन्न म्हणून सेवन करतो, ती पोषण प्रणाली म्हणजे ______. The nutrition mode in which organism consume their daily food in the form of dead and decomposed matter is ______.

Saprophytic nutrition is feeding on dead and decaying organic matter, as fungi and many bacteria do. Parasites feed on living hosts, symbiotic organisms live in mutual partnership, and holozoic organisms ingest and digest solid food.

मृत उत्पादकांच्या पेशीमधील जैविक संयुगांचे विघटन करण्याची प्रक्रिया म्हणजे __________. The breakdown of organic compounds of cells from dead producer by the process known as __________.

Decomposition (अपघटन) is the biological process by which dead producers and consumers are broken down into simpler organic/inorganic compounds.

पाण्याच्या पृष्ठभागावळ आढळणारे प्राथमिक भक्षक म्हणजे __________. Primary consumers found near the surface of water are __________.

Zooplanktons (झूप्लॅक्टॉन) feed on phytoplanktons near water surfaces, functioning as primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems.

रिकामी जागा भरा. गोड्या पाण्यामधील परिसंस्थेतील ________ घटकांमध्ये सूर्यप्रकाश, तापमान, विरघळलेला ऑक्सिजन, पोषक द्रव्ये, खोली व पाण्याचा प्रवाह यांचा समावेश होतो. Fill in the blank. The ________ parts of freshwater ecosystem, include sunlight, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, depth and water flow.

Sunlight, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, depth, and water flow are non-living physical and chemical components, which are abiotic (अजैविक) factors.

गोड्या पाण्यातील तलावातील सजीव भागाचे उपविभाजन हे ________ आहे. वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान (विधाने) बरोबर आहेत ? The subdivision of living part of the freshwater pond is ________. Which of the statement given above is /are correct ?

The living parts of a freshwater pond ecosystem are subdivided primarily according to the function of organisms (producers, consumers, decomposers).

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Which threat was not recognized by global politicians during the second half of the 20th Century ?

Global politicians in the latter half of the 20th century primarily focused on nuclear threats and Cold War politics, while modern ecological and climate crises were largely unrecognized or ignored.

19. खालीलपैकी कोणता परिस्थितीकी मनोऱ्याचा प्रकार नाही ? Which of the following is not the type of Ecological pyramid ?

Ecological pyramids are graphical representations of trophic levels in an ecosystem. The three main types are pyramids of number, biomass, and energy. Food web is a network of food chains, not a pyramid type.

20. काही प्रजाती नष्ट झाल्या तर पर्यावरणावर गंभीर परिणाम करतात त्यांना _______ म्हणतात. Some species if eliminated seriously affect the ecosystem. These are called _______.

A keystone species is a species that holds together an ecosystem; if removed, the ecosystem undergoes drastic changes or collapses, much like a keystone in an arch.

“पर्यावरण म्हणजे सजीवांच्या किंवा जीवसमूहांच्या जीवन, वाढ, विकास व मृत्यूवर परिणाम करणारी सर्व परिस्थिती, तिची कारके व त्यांचा प्रभाव होय'' . पर्यावरणाची ही व्याख्या कोणी केली ? “Environment means the sum total of all conditions agencies and influences which affect the development, growth, life and death of an organism, species or race”. Who created this definition of environment ?

This is a classic standard definition of environment often cited in academic literature and encyclopedias to explain the total sum of external conditions affecting organisms.

रासायनिक पर्यावरणात खालीलपैकी कोणत्या घटकांचा समावेश होतो ? (a) तापमान व माती (b) जल व माती (c) वनस्पती व जल (d) मानवी क्रिया व जैवघटक वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? (Which of the following factors are included in chemical environment ? (a) Temperature and soil (b) Water and soil (c) Vegetation and water (d) Human functions and Biological components Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?)

Chemical environment includes chemical factors of the environment such as nutrients, salinity, and pH of water and soil, making none of the standard pairs exclusively representative of pure chemical environment without biological/physical overlap in the options.

परिसंस्था ही निसर्गाचा स्वयं नियामक व स्वयं शाश्वत संरचनात्मक व कार्यात्मक संच आहे. जेथे जैविक व अजैविक घटक एकमेकांमध्ये गुंतलेले असतात ज्यामध्ये खालील क्रिया घडतात : (a) उत्पादकता (b) कुजणे (c) पोषण चक्र (d) उर्जा प्रवाह वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? Ecosystem is a self-regulatory and self-sustained structural and functional unit of nature where biotic and abiotic components are linked together with the following processes : (a) Productivity (b) Decomposition (c) Nutrient cycling (d) Energy flow Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

An ecosystem functions as a self-regulatory and self-sustained unit through four primary functional processes: productivity, decomposition, energy flow, and nutrient cycling.

"परिस्थेची रचना व तिच्या कार्याचा अभ्यास म्हणजे पारिस्थितिकी" ही व्याख्या 1969 मध्ये कोणी केली ? "Ecology is the study of structure and function of ecosystem" who defined in 1969?

Eugene Odum, often called the father of modern ecology, defined ecology as the study of the structure and function of ecosystems in his influential works.

इकोलॉजी (Ecology) हा शब्द खालीलपैकी कोणत्या शास्त्रज्ञाद्वारे शोधण्यात आला ?

The term 'Ecology' (Oekologie) was coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866.

पर्यावरणाशी संबंधित निम्नलिखित योग्य जोड्या लावा. In relation to Environment match the following.

Biosphere represents living organisms, Lithosphere is the solid component, Hydrosphere includes water bodies, and Atmosphere is the gaseous cover around Earth.

दोन लगतच्या जीव समुदायामधील संक्रमणत्मक प्रदेश ________ म्हणून ओळखला जातो. The transitional area between two living organisms is known as

An ecotone is a transitional area between two different biomes or ecosystems, containing species from both overlapping communities as well as some unique ones.

अन्नसाखळीमध्ये प्रत्येक ऊर्जास्तरावर विषारी पदार्थाच्या प्रमाणात सलग्न होणाऱ्या वाढीस _________ म्हणतात. The continuous increase in concentration of a toxicant at successive trophic levels in food chain is :

Biomagnification refers to the progressive increase in the concentration of toxic substances (like DDT or mercury) at higher trophic levels of a food chain.

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान चुकीचे आहे ? Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

All statements (a, b, c, d) regarding natural forest manuring and ecosystems are scientifically accurate, meaning none of them are incorrect.

खालील विधाने पहा : आता सांगा : Consider the following statements : Now state whether

In a natural forest ecosystem, potash and phosphate are derived from natural soil minerals and organic matter recycling, not imported from elsewhere (Statement a is false). They serve multiple physiological and structural roles in plants, not just humus formation (Statement b is false).