Pollution & Waste — MPSC PYQ

यादी - I मध्ये दिलेल्या प्रदूषकांची यादी - II मध्ये दिलेल्या त्यांच्या परिणामांशी जोड्या लावा. यादी - I प्रदूषके a. पाण्यातील फॉस्फेट खते b. हवेतील मिथेन c. पाण्यातील कृत्रिम अपमार्जके d. हवेतील नायट्रोजन ऑक्साईड यादी - II प्रदूषकांचे परिणाम i. पाण्याची जैवरासायनिक ऑक्सीजनची पातळी वाढते ii. आम्ल पर्जन्य iii. जगातिक तापमान वाढ iv. अनतिरेक/सुपोषण Match the pollutants given in List - I with their effects given in List - II. List - I Pollutants a. Phosphate fertilizers in water b. Methane in air c. Synthetic detergents in water d. Nitrogen oxides in air List - II Effects of Pollutants i. Biochemical oxygen demand level increase ii. Acid Rain iii. Global warming iv. Eutrophication

Phosphate fertilizers cause eutrophication (iv), Methane contributes to global warming (iii), Synthetic detergents increase BOD in water (i), Nitrogen oxides cause acid rain (ii).

भारत सरकारने हवेच्या गुणवत्तेचे मूल्यांकन, हवेचा अंदाज यावरील संशोधनासाठी System of Air quality, Weather forecasting and Research (SAFAR) ची स्थापना खालीलपैकी कोणत्या चार शहरांमध्ये केली आहे? Government of India has established system of Air quality, Weather forecasting and Research (SAFAR) in which of the following four cities for research on air quality assessment, weather forecasting ?

The Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, established SAFAR (System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research) in four major Indian metropolitan cities: Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai to monitor air quality and provide weather forecasts.

PAN (पेरोक्सीअसेटाइल नायट्रेट) खालील परस्पर क्रियेच्या परिणामी तयार होतो. PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) is formed as a result of following interaction :

PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate) is a secondary pollutant formed in photochemical smog through the reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight.

मातीतील नायट्रोजन खत जिवाणूंद्वारे तोडल्यास ______ मुक्त होते. Nitrogen fertilizers in soils releases ______ when broken down by bacteria.

When nitrogenous fertilizers in the soil are broken down by denitrifying bacteria, Nitrous oxide (N2O) is released, which is a potent greenhouse gas.

औद्योगिक प्रदूषित पाण्याच्या पुनर्वापर म्हणजेच ग्रीन डॉट कार्यक्रम याची सुरुवात कोणत्या देशात झाली ? Green Dot Programme means recycling of industrial polluted water began in which country?

The Green Dot programme originated in Germany as a pioneering industry-funded system for recycling and recovering packaging waste.

जोड्या लावा : मनुष्याच्या कार्यावर ध्वनि प्रदुषाणारे परिणाम. स्तंभ - I ( आवाजाची पातळी ) (a) 100 dB (b) 40 dB (c) 70 dB (d) 90 dB स्तंभ - II ( कार्य ) (i) झोपेत अडथळा (ii) कार्यक्षमतेची हानी (iii) कायमची श्रवण शमतेची हानी (iv) भाषणात व्यत्यय Match the following : Impact of Noise on Human Activities. Column-I (Noise level) (a) 100 dB (b) 40 dB (c) 70 dB (d) 90 dB Column-II (Human Activities) (i) Sleep Interference (ii) Loss of Working Efficiency (iii) Permanent Loss of hearing (iv) Speech Interference

Noise pollution levels and their impacts: 100 dB causes permanent loss of hearing (iii), 40 dB causes sleep interference (i), 70 dB causes speech interference (iv), and 90 dB causes loss of working efficiency (ii).

भारतातील हवेच्या गुणवत्ता निर्देशांका विषयी योग्य विधाने शोधा : / Find out correct statements regarding Air Quality Index (AQI) in India.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) monitors daily air quality on a scale of 0-500, where higher values indicate higher pollution levels based on the concentration of key pollutants.

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खालील विधानांचा अभ्यास करा : अ. परमेश्वरा निर्माण केलेल्या सर्व गोष्टी ओल्या कचऱ्यात जातात. ब. मानवाने निर्माण केलेल्या सर्व गोष्टी सुक्या कचऱ्यात जातात. क. परमेश्वराने निर्माण केलेल्या सर्व गोष्टी सुक्या कचऱ्यात जातात. ड. मानवाने निर्माण केलेल्या सर्व गोष्टी ओल्या कचऱ्यात जातात. Study the following statements : a. All things made by God in nature goes to wet garbage. b. All things made by humans goes in dry garbage. c. All things made by God in nature goes in dry garbage. d. All things made by humans goes in wet garbage.

In waste management classification, organic/natural things made by nature (God) decompose and form wet garbage, whereas synthetic items created by humans go to dry garbage.

कचरा कुंडीत कचरा केव्हा नसेल ? When will garbage bins not have any garbage ?

Bins will be empty only when garbage is completely processed, recycled, and reused to generate economic value, leaving nothing behind in the bin.

सुका आणि ओला कचरा ओळखण्याचा मार्ग कोणी सांगितला ? Who explained the simple way how to identify wet and dry garbage ?

The passage says Susan Raj from The Academic Advisors explained in a simple way how to identify wet and dry garbage: things made by God are wet garbage and things made by humans are dry garbage.

सेंट एंड्रूसच्या प्राच्चार्‍यांना प्लॅस्टीकचा कचरा गोळा करण्याच्या संदेश देण्यासाठी कोणत्या दळणवळणाच्या साधनाची मदत झाली ? What was the mode of communication that helped the Principal of St. Andrews to inform about collection of plastic waste ?

This is a direct factual question from a specific school textbook case study regarding St. Andrews principal and communication methods.

हरित रसायन शास्त्र म्हणजे By green chemistry, we mean

Green chemistry focuses on designing chemical products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances, specifically using safe solvents and reagents.

जोड्या जुळवा : स्तंभ I (कचऱ्याची विल्हेवाट लावण्याची पद्धत) अ. कचरा डेपो ब. भस्म करणे क. ढवळणे ड. पॅरोलिसिस Match the following : Column I (Waste Disposal Method) a. Sanitary landfills b. Incineration c. Pulverizing d. Pyrolysis स्तंभ II (अर्थ) I. कचरा जाळणे II. कचरा टाकणे आणि बुलडोझरच्या साहाय्याने दाबणे III. ऑक्सिजन विरहीत ज्वलन IV. जमिनीवर कचरा पसरविणे Column II (Meaning) I. Burning of waste II. Deposit the refuse and compost it with bulldozers III. Combustion in absence of oxygen IV. Spreading the waste on fields

Sanitary landfills mean depositing refuse and compressing it with bulldozers (a-II). Incineration means burning of waste (b-I). Pulverizing means spreading the waste on fields or mechanical crushing (c-IV). Pyrolysis is thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen (d-III).

भारतीय लोकांचे आरोग्य खालावण्यास खालीलपैकी कोणता महत्त्वाचा घटक कारणीभूत आहे.

Water pollution is a major factor degrading public health in India due to widespread waterborne diseases and contamination of drinking sources.

UNEP च्या नियमाप्रमाणे खालील प्रदूषक आणि त्यांच्या माध्यमांच्या जोड्या जुळवा : प्रदूषक अ. नायट्रोजन ऑक्साईड ब. पेट्रोलियम हायड्रोकार्बन क. फ्लोराइड ड. मायकोटॉक्सिन्स माध्यम I. समुद्र II. अन्न III. हवा IV. स्वच्छ पाणी Match the following Pollutants and their Mediums as per the UNEP documents : Pollutant a. Nitrogen oxides b. Petroleum hydrocarbons c. Fluorides d. Mycotoxins Medium I. Sea II. Food III. Air IV. Fresh water

According to UNEP guidelines, Nitrogen oxides are found in air (III), Petroleum hydrocarbons in the sea (I), Fluorides in fresh water/food sources, and Mycotoxins in food (II).

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पर्जन्यस अम्ल पर्जन्य म्हणतात जेव्हा, pH चे मुल्य __________ असते. Rain is called acid rain, when its pH value is

Normal rain is slightly acidic due to dissolved CO2 with a pH of around 5.6. Rain with a pH value less than 5.6 is specifically termed acid rain.

जीवाश्म इंधन आणि पेट्रोलियमच्या ज्वलनातून __________ हे वायु मिळतात. Burning of fossil fuels and petroleum gives

The burning of fossil fuels releases Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are the primary precursors of acid rain.

आम्लपर्जन्य, वनस्पतीसाठी हानीकारक आहे कारण Acid rain is harmful to plants because

Acid rain lowers the pH of the soil and leaches essential nutrients like calcium and magnesium away from the plants, making them weak.

भारतातील ताजमहल ह्यावर कशाने परिणाम झाला The Taj Mahal in India has been affected by

The white marble of the Taj Mahal has been severely affected and discolored due to acid rain caused by industrial sulfur dioxide emissions nearby.

बाटीलबंद पाण्यामुळे होणारे नुकसान कमी करण्यासाठी संयुक्त संस्थानांनी खालीलपैकी कोणते निर्णय घेतले ?

To reduce environmental damage caused by bottled water, authorities have taken multiple steps including providing purified water in restaurants, banning city funds for bottled water in institutions, and restricting plastic bottles where tap water is available.

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान प्लॅस्टिकच्या बाटल्यांचा वापर करण्यासंबंधी बरोबर नाही ?

Statement 'c' is incorrect regarding bottled water statistics in this specific context, making it the right choice for the question asking what is NOT correct.

खालीलपैकी ध्वनी प्रदूषणाचे कोणते दुष्परिणाम आहेत ? Which of the following are adverse effects of noise pollution ?

Noise pollution has widespread physiological and psychological impacts, including hearing loss, reproductive system issues, fetal defects, impaired cognitive/communication functions, and high blood pressure.

खालीलपैकी कोणता वायू पाण्यातील ऑक्चिजनचा क्षय करण्यास सर्वात अधिक कारणीभूत ठरतो? Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for eutrophication of water bodies?

Nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) causes algal blooms which deplete dissolved oxygen in water bodies. Nitrates and phosphates are primary drivers, but excess organic load and nutrients cause severe oxygen depletion.

सुपोषण-बाबत विधाने (a) प्राथमिकरित्या डोंगराळ भागातील वाहत्या पाण्यामध्ये सुपोषण होते. (b) सुपोषण हे थांबलेल्या पाण्यात होते आणि त्यामध्ये जिवांचा आणि त्यांनी उत्पादित केलेल्या बाबींचा हळूहळू संचय होतो. (c) सुपोषणामुळे तयार झालेल्या शेवाळाचा पुंज हा अन्न म्हणून उपयोग होऊन माशांच्या वाढीसाठी पोषक ठरतो. (d) सुपोषणित पाणी हे ऑक्सिजन संपन्न असते आणि कुठलीही प्रक्रिया न करता मानवी वापरास सुरक्षित असते. वरीलपैकी कोणते/कोणती विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ?

Eutrophication occurs in standing or slow-moving water bodies (not fast-flowing hill streams), leading to nutrient enrichment, algal blooms that can feed fish, but ultimately depleting oxygen and harming water safety.