MPSC PYQ

44th Amendment Act

44th Amendment Act is a Polity concept from the MPSC syllabus, tested in 3 past MPSC questions (2018, 2019, 2021). Below are those real questions with their correct answers and explanations, plus the concepts worth being comfortable with first.

Real questions
3
Years tested
3 · 2018–2021
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What you need to know first

Emergency revocation proceduresGrounds of National Emergency

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खालीलपैकी कोणती मार्गदर्शक तत्वे ही मूळ राज्यघटनेचा भाग नव्हती, परंतु त्यांचा समावेश नंतर घटनादुरुस्तीद्वारे झाला ? Which of the following Directive Principles did not form part of the original Constitution and were added through constitutional amendments ?

(a)उत्पन्नातील विषमता कमी करणे. To minimise inequality in income.

(b)पर्यावरणाचे संरक्षण व संवर्धन आणि वने व वन्य जीवसृष्टीचे रक्षण करणे. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife.

(c)समान कामांबद्दल स्त्री पुरुषांना समान वेतन. Equal pay for equal work for both men and women.

(d)समान न्यायाची शाश्वती आणि गरीबांना मोफत कायदेविषयक सहाय्य. To ensure equal justice and free legal aid to the poor.

(e)सर्व नागरिकांना उपजीविकेची पुरेशी साधने सुरक्षित करणे. To secure adequate means of livelihood for all citizens.

1)अ, ब आणि क / a, b and c
2)ब, क आणि ड / b, c and d
3)क, ड आणि ई / c, d and e
4)अ, ब आणि ई / a, b and d✓ Correct

Statements a, b, and e were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. Statements c and d were part of the original DPSP provisions under Articles 39 and 39A respectively (though 39A was added later, statement c 'Equal pay for equal work' was original under Article 39(d)).

1978 च्या 44 व्या घटनादुरुस्ती अधिनियमाद्वारे राष्ट्रीय आणीबाणीच्या संदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणती तरतूद केलेली नाही ? (1) कॅबिनेटच्या लेखी शिफारिश शिवाय राष्ट्रपती राष्ट्रीय आणीबाणी घोषित करू शकणार नाही. (2) 'अंतर्गत अशांतता' या ऐवजी 'सशस्त्र बंडाळी' हा शब्दप्रयोग करण्यात आला. (3) अनुच्छेद 19 खाली असलेले सहा मूलभूत अधिकार हे केवळ युद्ध अथवा परकीय आक्रमणाच्या कारणास्तव घोषित करण्यात आलेल्या आणीबाणीत निलंबित करता येतील, सशस्त्र बंडाळीच्या कारणास्तव घोषित करण्यात आलेल्या आणीबाणीत निलंबित करता येणार नाहीत. (4) जर संसदेच्या कोणत्याही सभागृहाने आणीबाणीच्या घोषणेला विरोध करणारा ठराव कोणत्याही वेळी मंजूर केला तर राष्ट्रपतीने आणीबाणी मागे घेण्याची घोषणा करणे आवश्यक आहे.

a)A proclamation of National Emergency will not be issued by President unless there is a written recommendation of the Cabinet.
b)The expression 'internal disturbances' has been replaced by 'armed rebellion'.
c)The six fundamental rights under Article 19 can be suspended only when the National Emergency is declared on grounds of war or external aggression and not on grounds of armed rebellion.
d)The President must issue a proclamation of revocation any time if any House of Parliament passes a resolution disapproving of the continuance of the proclamation.✓ Correct

Under the 44th Amendment Act 1978, a resolution to disapprove continuation of emergency requires Lok Sabha alone (not any House, specifically Lok Sabha under Article 352). Hence statement (d) is incorrect as it wrongly mentions 'any House of Parliament' instead of Lok Sabha.

राष्ट्रीय आणीबाणी घोषित करण्यासाठी घटनेत 'सशस्त्रबंड' हा शब्द कधी जोडला गेला ? / When was the word 'Armed Rebellion' added to the Constitution to declare a National Emergency ?

1)44 व्या घटनादुरुस्तीने / By 44th Constitution Amendment Act✓ Correct
2)42 व्या घटनादुरुस्तीने / By 42nd Constitution Amendment Act
3)40 व्या घटनादुरुस्तीने / By 40th Constitution Amendment Act
4)38 व्या घटनादुरुस्तीने / By 38th Constitution Amendment Act

The term 'armed rebellion' was substituted for 'internal disturbance' by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act in 1978 to prevent misuse of emergency powers.

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