MPSC Rajyaseva 2025 — GS Paper 1

'जातीभेद विवेकसार' हे पुस्तक ________________ यांनी लिहिले. The book, 'Jatibhed Viveksar' was written by ______________

'Jatibhed Viveksar' is a prominent socio-religious text criticizing the caste system, written by Tukaram Tatya Padval in 1861.

पंचशील तत्वांचा पुरस्कार प्रथम भारत व चीन या देशांनी केला तेव्हा भारताचे पंतप्रधान व चीनचे पंतप्रधान कोण होते ? Who were the Prime Ministers of India and China while accepting the Panchashil Principles ?

Panchashil principles were signed by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai (Chau-En-Lay) in 1954.

'विधवा वपन अनाचार' हे पुस्तक ____________ यांनी लिहिले. The book 'Vidhava Vapan Anachar' was written by _____________

The book 'Vidhava Vapan Anachar' criticizing the custom of enforced tonsure of widows was written by Venktesh Rango Katti.

11 एप्रिल 1942 रोजी काँग्रेस वर्किंग कमिटीने ________________ नाकारण्यासाठी ठराव पारीत केला. / On 11th April 1942, a resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee rejecting ________________.

On 11th April 1942, the Congress Working Committee officially rejected the Cripps Mission proposals brought by Sir Stafford Cripps.

मवाळांना शांत करण्यासाठी आणि मुस्लिमांचे समर्थन मिळवण्यासाठी इंग्रज सरकारने इंडियन कौन्सिल ॲक्ट, 1909 च्या द्वारे ______________ केला. / In order to appease the moderates and win over the support of the Muslims, the British Government introduced the ______________ through the Indian Councils Act, 1909.

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 is famously known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, which introduced separate electorates for Muslims to appease moderates and divide nationalists.

"सुधारकांना आपले आईवडील, पत्नी, मुली आणि देशबांधव अशा सर्व निकटवर्तीयांचा विरोध पत्करून जगण्याचा प्रवास करावा लागतो." हे सांगणारे वामनराव माधवराव कोल्हटकर हे समाज सुधारक ______________ येथील होते. / "Reformers have to face opposition from our near and dear ones – parents, wives, daughters and countrymen with whom we have to travel through life." This was said by the social reformer Wamanrao Madhavrao Kolhatkar, who hailed from ______________.

Social reformer Wamanrao Madhavrao Kolhatkar, known for his progressive thoughts and reformist quotes, hailed from the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.

पुढील राजे व त्यांची राजघराणे यांच्या जोड्या जुळवा. Match the following Kings and their dynasties.

Aparajit belongs to Pallavas, Aditya-I to Cholas, Vijayalaya is the founder of the Chola dynasty, and Bhoja-I belongs to the Gurjara-Pratiharas.

खालीलपैकी कृष्णदेवराय यांच्याशी संबंधित योग्य विधाने कोणती ? Which of the following statements are correct about Krishnadevaraya ?

Krishnadevaraya wrote 'Amuktamalyada', was titled 'Andhra Bhoja' / 'Abhinav Bhoja', and patronized Telugu poet Peddana. However, he belonged to the Tuluva dynasty, not the Sangama dynasty.

___________ या समाजाचे सदस्य होण्यासाठी; “व्यक्तीला, ख्रिश्चनांनी बनलेला पाव व मुळ्मांच्या हातातील पाणी पिणे बंधनकारक होते”. To become a member of ___________; “Person had to eat bread prepared by Christians and drink water at the hands of Muslims”.

Prarthana Samaj members faced strict social taboos and orthodoxy, requiring symbolic breaking of caste barriers such as consuming food/water handled by lower castes or non-Hindus.

मुघलकालीन न्यायव्यवस्थेतील शिक्षा आणि शिक्षèques स्वरूप यांच्या अचूक जोड्या जुळवा. Match the correct pairs of punishment and forms of punishment in the Mughal Judicial System.

In the Mughal judicial system: Hadd refers to punishments mandated by Quranic law (iii), Tazir refers to discretionary/exemplary punishments by judges (i), Qisas refers to retaliation/eye-for-an-eye (ii), and Tashir refers to public humiliation/parading (iv).

बॅ. चित्तरंजन दास यांनी 1917 मध्ये केलेल्या चार प्रसिद्ध भाषणांना एकत्र करून खालीलपैकी कोणते पुस्तक प्रसिद्ध करण्यात आले ? / Which of the following books was published by combining four famous speeches delivered by Barrister Chittaranjan Das in 1917 ?

Barrister Chittaranjan Das published a famous compilation of his four speeches delivered in 1917 under the title 'India for Indians'.

हैदराबाद संस्थान विलीनीकरणणात मार्गदर्शक म्हणून भूमिका बजावणारे लेफ्टनंट जनरल कोण होते ? / Who was the Lieutenant General who played a guiding role in the merger of Hyderabad State ?

Major General (later Lt Gen) Syed Ahmed El Edroos was commander of Hyderabad forces, but Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow or other generals guided operations. Specifically, Maj Gen Rajinder Singh played a key role during Operation Polo.

मुघल बादशाह अकबराने इ. स. 1584 मध्ये "खान-ए-खानान्" ही पदवी कोणाला दिली होती ? / Mughal Emperor Akbar bestowed the title of "Khan-e-Khanan" to whom in A. D. 1584 ?

Emperor Akbar bestowed the prestigious title of 'Khan-e-Khanan' upon Abdul Rahim (Rahim), son of Bairam Khan, for his literary contributions and military achievements in 1584.

सन 1877 मध्ये भरलेल्या 'महान दिल्ली दरबाराचे' वर्णन 'भारतीय संसद' म्हणून कोणी केले ? In 1877, 'The Great Delhi Darbar' was held, who described it as, 'An Indian Parliament'?

Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (Sarvajanik Kaka) described the 1877 Delhi Durbar as an 'Indian Parliament' to highlight the irony of holding lavish imperial durbars while Indians had no voice.

'दिवाण-ए-अमीर-ए-कोही' नावाचे स्वतंत्र खाते कोणी स्थापना केले ? Who set up the separate department called, 'diwan-i-amir-i-kohi'?

Muhammad bin Tughlaq created the separate agricultural department called 'Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi' to improve agricultural output and bring wasteland under cultivation.

कर्कवृत्त भारताच्या कोणत्या राज्यामधून जाते ? The Tropic of Cancer is going through which States of India?

The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.

योग्य जोड्या लावा. जीवावरण राखीव क्षेत्र स्थापना वर्ष अ. निलगिरी I. 2011 ब. सुंदरबन II. 2008 क. कच्छ III. 1989 ड. पन्ना IV. 1986

Matching the biosphere reserves with their establishment years: Nilgiri (1986), Sunderbans (1989), Kutch (2008), Panna (2011), resulting in the sequence IV, III, II, I.

योग्य जोड्या जुळवा. नदी संगमस्थळ अ. प्रकाशे ब. मुडावद क. माहुली ड. तुळापूर नद्या I. तापी-पांझरा II. तापी-गोमती III. भीमा-इंद्रायणी IV. कृष्णा-वेणा Match the following. River Confluence a. Prakashe b. Mudavad c. Mahuli d. Tulapur Rivers I. Tapi-Panzara II. Tapi-Gomati III. Bhima-Indrayani IV. Krishna-Venna

Confluences in Maharashtra: Prakashe is at Tapi-Gomati, Mudavad is at Tapi-Panzara, Mahuli is at Krishna-Venna, and Tulapur is at Bhima-Indrayani, leading to sequence II, I, IV, III.

2011 च्या जनगणनेनुसार, कोणत्या केंद्रशासित प्रदेशात अनुसूचित जातीच्या लोकसंख्येची टक्केवारी सर्वाधिक आहे ? According to the 2011 census, which Union Territory has the highest percentage of scheduled tribe population ?

According to the 2011 Census, Lakshadweep has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population among all Union Territories, close to 94.8%.

2011 च्या भारतीय जनगणनेनुसार, राजस्थान राज्याचा साक्षरता दर सर्वात कमी याचा होता.

According to the 2011 Census, Bihar had the lowest literacy rate, but specifically among the given choices and historical state lists, Rajasthan's literacy rate was 66.11%.

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान चुकीचे आहे ?

The easternmost point of mainland India is Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh, not Assam. Hence, statement 3 is factually incorrect.

जून ते सप्टेंबर या काळात महाराष्ट्रात मोसमी वारे वाहतात.

Maharashtra receives rainfall from June to September primarily due to the Southwest monsoon winds.

खालील विधानांचा विचार करा. / Consider the following statements. आता सांगा की / Now state whether :

Troposphere temperature decreases with altitude (lapse rate), and it is primarily heated from the earth's surface through terrestrial radiation and conduction rather than direct solar shortwave absorption.

खालीलपैकी कोणता खडकंचा प्रकार रासायनिक प्रक्रियेद्वारा निर्मित जलजन्य खडक आहे ? / Which of the following rock types is a hydrous rock formed by chemical processes ?

Gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate) is a chemically formed sedimentary rock: it crystallises out when water in seas or salt lakes evaporates, and it holds water in its structure. Shale is a mechanically formed sedimentary rock (compacted clay), granite is an intrusive igneous rock, and pumice is a volcanic igneous rock.

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने अचूक नाहीत ? अ. विषुववृत्ताच्या उत्तर व दक्षिणकडे 30° अक्षवृत्तीय प्रदेशात उष्णकटकंबंधीय आवर्ते निर्माण होतात. ब. उष्णकटकंबंधीय आवर्ताचा व्यास 300 ते 1500 कि.मी. आणि त्यापेक्षाही अधिक असू शकतो. क. उष्णकटकंबंधीय आवर्ती वाऱ्याचा वेग दर ताशी 50 ते 60 कि.मी. आणि त्यापेक्षाही अधिक असू शकतो. ड. उष्णकटकंबंधीय आवर्ते उत्तर गोलार्धात घड्याळाच्या काट्यांच्या दिशेने वाहतात. Which one of the following statements is/are not correct ? a. Tropical cyclones are formed in the 30° Latitude region North and South of the equator. b. The diameter of a tropical cyclone can range from 300 to 1500 km and even more. c. Tropical cyclones can have wind speed of 50 to 60 km per hour and even more. d. Tropical cyclones flow clockwise direction in the Northern hemisphere.

Tropical cyclones form between 5° and 20° latitudes, not 30°. Also, in the Northern hemisphere, tropical cyclones rotate counter-clockwise (anticlockwise), not clockwise. Thus statements 'a' and 'd' are incorrect.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या नद्या सिंधू नदीच्या उपनद्या आहेत ? अ. झेलम, चिनाब, कोसी, सतलज ब. गंडक, कोसी, घाघ्रा, सोन क. सतलज, बियास, रावी, चिनाब ड. काबुल, कुर्म, स्वात, झेलम Which of the following rivers are the tributaries of the Sindhu river ? A. Jhelum, Chenab, Kosi, Sutlej B. Gandak, Kosi, Ghagra, Son C. Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab D. Kabul, Kurram, Swat, Jhelum

Indus river tributaries include Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum, and trans-border tributaries like Kabul, Kurram, and Swat. Kosi and Gandak are Ganga tributaries.

भारतीय घटक राजyse/केंद्रशासित प्रदेश (यादी - I) व त्यांचे लिंग-गुνοत्तर (यादी - II) यांच्या जोड्या लावा. Match the Indian States/Union Territory (List - I) with their Sex-Ratio (List - II).

Based on Census 2011 sex ratio data (females per 1000 males), Kerala leads with the highest, followed by Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh in specific matching order (iii i ii iv).

भारतीय द्विपकल्पाच्या सीमेवरील बंगालचा उपसागर आणि अरबी समुद्रात खालीलपैकी कोणत्या कारणाने वादळाची निर्मिती होते ? Which of the following is the reason of the storms in Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal on the border of the Indian Peninsula ?

Storms and tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal form due to high temperature increasing thermal convection, which creates low-pressure areas over the sea surface.

कळसुबाई हे महाराष्ट्रातील सर्वोच्च पर्वत शिखर खालीलपैकी कोणत्या पर्वत रांगेत स्थित आहे ? Kalsubai is the highest mountain peak in Maharashtra located in which of the following mountain ranges ?

Kalsubai is the highest peak in Maharashtra (1,646 meters) and it is located in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range), specifically in the Kalsubai hill sub-range.

योग्य जोड्या जुळवा. महासागर गर्त a. प्रशांत महासागर i. जावा गर्त b. अटलांटिक महासागर ii. मरियाना गर्त c. हिंदी महासागर iii. युरेशियन गर्त d. आर्क्टिक महासागर iv. पुर्तो रिको गर्त Match the following. Ocean Trench a. Pacific ocean i. Java Trench b. Atlantic ocean ii. Mariana Trench c. Indian ocean iii. Eurasian Trench d. Arctic ocean iv. Puerto Rico Trench

Matching major ocean trenches with their respective oceans: Pacific has Mariana Trench, Atlantic has Puerto Rico Trench, Indian has Java Trench, and Arctic has Eurasian Trench.

यादी - I मध्ये दिलेल्या प्रदूषकांची यादी - II मध्ये दिलेल्या त्यांच्या परिणामांशी जोड्या लावा. यादी - I प्रदूषके a. पाण्यातील फॉस्फेट खते b. हवेतील मिथेन c. पाण्यातील कृत्रिम अपमार्जके d. हवेतील नायट्रोजन ऑक्साईड यादी - II प्रदूषकांचे परिणाम i. पाण्याची जैवरासायनिक ऑक्सीजनची पातळी वाढते ii. आम्ल पर्जन्य iii. जगातिक तापमान वाढ iv. अनतिरेक/सुपोषण Match the pollutants given in List - I with their effects given in List - II. List - I Pollutants a. Phosphate fertilizers in water b. Methane in air c. Synthetic detergents in water d. Nitrogen oxides in air List - II Effects of Pollutants i. Biochemical oxygen demand level increase ii. Acid Rain iii. Global warming iv. Eutrophication

Phosphate fertilizers cause eutrophication (iv), Methane contributes to global warming (iii), Synthetic detergents increase BOD in water (i), Nitrogen oxides cause acid rain (ii).

भारतातील सरपटणारे प्राणी आणि उभयचर प्राण्यांच्या अत्यंत धोक्यात असलेल्या प्रजाती म्हणून खालीलपैकी कोणता प्राणी घोषित केलेला नाही ? (1) घारियल (2) बंगल फ्लोरिकन (3) फोर-टोड रिव्हर टेरापीन (4) लेदरबॅक कासवे Which of the following animal is not declared as a critically endangered species of reptile and amphibian of India ? (1) Gharial (2) Bengal Florican (3) Four-toed River Terrapin (4) Leatherback turtles

Bengal Florican is a bird species (bustard), not a reptile or amphibian, making it the correct answer as it is not declared under critically endangered reptiles and amphibians.

जीवशास्त्रज्ञांनी जैवविविधतेला धोका निर्माण करणाऱ्या घटकाबाबत पुढीलपैकी कोणता संक्षिप्त शब्द प्रयोग केला ? / Which of the following acronyms has been used by Biologists to describe the factors that threaten to biodiversity ?

Biologists use the acronym HIPPO to describe the five major factors threatening biodiversity: Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, Population growth, and Overharvesting.

खालीलपैकी कोणते एक पुनर्विकरणीय ऊर्जा संसाधनाचा उदाहरण आहे ? / Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy resource ?

Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth's natural internal heat, making it a clean and renewable energy source, unlike coal, petroleum, and natural gas which are fossil fuels.

धोकादायक कचरा (व्यवस्थापन, हाताळणी आणि सीमापार वाहतूक) नियम, 2008 नुसार हे धोकादायक कचऱ्याच्या सीमापार वाहतुकीशी संबंधींत आणि भारताच्या कोणत्या भागातून धोकादायक कचऱ्याच्या वाहतुकीची परवानगी देणारे नोडल मंत्रालय असेल. / As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, the shall be the nodal Ministry to deal with the transboundary movement of the hazardous wastes and to grant permission for transit of the hazardous wastes through any part of India.

Under the Hazardous Wastes Rules, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) acts as the central nodal ministry for handling transboundary movement and transit permissions.

अन्न सुरक्षा विधेयक, 2013 च्या संदर्भात खालीलपैकी योग्य विधान/ने ओळख. Identify the correct statement/s from the following regarding Food Security Bill, 2013.

The National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013 covers up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population, and prices are Rs. 3 (rice), Rs. 2 (wheat), and Re. 1 (coarse grains). Both statements in the question present incorrect coverage or pricing details.

शाश्वत विकास ही संकल्पना ____________ मध्ये सादर केलेल्या जागतिक संवर्धन धोरणात प्रथम प्रचलित झाली. The term sustainable development first came into prominence in the World Conservation Strategy presented in ____________.

The term 'sustainable development' first came into prominence globally in the World Conservation Strategy report published by IUCN in 1980.

2020 मध्ये जाहीर करण्यात आलेल्या शाश्वत विकास लक्ष्ये निर्देशांकात भारत कोणत्या स्थानावर आहे ? What is India's position in the Sustainable Development Goals Index released in 2020 ?

In the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index 2020, India was ranked at the 117th position out of 166 countries.

"फक्त उत्पादनात होणारी वाढ म्हणजे आर्थिक वृद्धी होय" हे विधान कोणी केले ? / "Economic growth is the increase in output only" whose statement was this ?

Prof. Kindleberger defined economic growth strictly as an increase in output, distinguishing it from economic development which includes qualitative changes.

भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेबाबत खालील विधाने विचारात घेऊन योग्य पर्याय निवडा. / Consider the following statements and choose the correct option regarding Indian economy.

Trickle-down theory suggests economic growth automatically benefits all strata of society. However, high post-2005 growth rates in India accompanied by rising economic inequality question the validity of this theory, making statement (b) correct.

"विकसनशील जगामधील जवळजवळ 40% लोकसंख्येला 1950 आणि 1960 च्या दशकांमध्ये झालेलया आर्थिक वृद्धीचा लाभ झालेला नाही." हे विधान कोणाचे आहे? "About 40% of the population of the developing world did not benefit from economic growth during the 1950's and 1960's." Who made this statement ?

The famous statement highlighting that 40% of the developing world's population did not benefit from 1950s-1960s economic growth was made by Robert McNamara, former World Bank President.

राष्ट्रीय हवामान विषयक कृती कार्यक्रमांमध्ये खालीलपैकी कोणत्या राष्ट्रीय अभियानाचा समावेश केला नव्हता ? Which one of the following National Mission was not included in the National Climate Action Program ?

The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) originally comprises 8 core national missions, which do not include the National Health Mission, making option 4 the correct answer as it was not part of the initial 8 core missions.

भारतात स्वातंत्र्याच्या 7 दशकानंतरही अस्तित्वात असलेल्या दरिद्र्याची खालीलपैकी कोणते/ती कारण/कारणे आहे/आहेत ? / Which of the following is/are reason/s for the existence of poverty even after seven decades of Independence in India ?

Heavy reliance on agriculture and lack of employment opportunities in the manufacturing sector are primary structural reasons for persistent poverty in India, whereas India has a lower agricultural growth rate compared to developed nations.

एकात्मिक बाल विकास सेवा योजने अंतर्गत राबविण्यात येणारा/रे कार्यक्रम ______________. / Program/s implemented under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme ______________.

The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme provides supplementary nutrition and health check-ups along with immunization, preschool education, and health/nutrition education to children below 6 years and pregnant/lactating mothers.

2011 च्या जनगणनेनुसार, सन 2011 मध्ये देशातील एकूण शहरी लोकसंख्येपैकी 13% लोकसंख्या खालीलपैकी कोणत्या शहरांत राहत होती ? As per the 2011 Census, 13% of the total urban population of the country was living in which of the following cities in 2011 ?

According to the 2011 Census, about 13% of India's total urban population resided in the metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi combined.

2011 च्या जनगणनेनुसार, भारताची लोकसंख्या एकूण जागतिक लोकसंख्याच्या ______ टक्के आहे. As per the 2011 Census, India's population percentage is ______ of the total Global population.

As per the Census 2011, India supports approximately 17.5% of the total world population while having only 2.4% of the world's geographical area.

भारताच्या राष्ट्रीय लोकसंख्या धोरण, 2000 संदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणते/कोणती विधान/विधने बरोबर आहे/त ?

National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 aimed to achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases as an immediate objective. The target year for population stability was 2045 (not 2050), and infant mortality rate target was below 30 per 1,000 live births.

खालील विधाने विचारत घ्या : अ. लिंगआधारित मानव विकास निर्देशांक हा आरोग्य, शिक्षण, सबलीकरण आणि श्रम बाजार यांचा संयुक्त निर्देशांक आहे. ब. वरील चार घटकाचा विचार केल्यास स्त्री-पुरुषातील असमानतेमुळे मानव विकासावर प्रतिकूल परिणाम होतो.

The Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) or related gender metrics account for achievements in health, education, command over resources/empowerment, and labor market participation, and gender inequality negatively impacts overall human development.

26 जून, 1975 रोजी जाहीर केलेल्या 20 कलमी कार्यक्रमाचा मुख्य हेतु पुढीलपैकी कोणता होता ? अ. राहणीमानाच्या दर्जात सुधारणा करणे. ब. दारिद्र्य रेषेखालील लोकांना साहाय्य करणे (दारिद्र्य निर्मूलन).

The 20-Point Programme (TPP) launched in June 1975 primarily aimed to uplift the standard of living of the people and provide assistance to people below the poverty line (poverty alleviation).

एकाच पदार्थाच्या दोन रॉडच्या लांबी त्रिजेचे गुणोत्तर 1 : 2 आणि 2 : 3 आहे. जर रॉडच्या दोन्ही टोकांमधील तापमानातील फरक समान असेल तर उष्णता प्रवाहाचे गुणोत्तर किती असेल ? The ratio of lengths to radii of two rods of same material is 1 : 2 and 2 : 3. If temperature difference between two ends of the rod is same, then what will be the ratio of heat flow ?

Heat flow formula Q = (KA Delta T)/L. Since material is same, K is constant. Using radii ratios and length ratios, the heat flow ratio calculates to 8 : 9.

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खालील दिलेल्या रोधकांच्या नेटवर्क (नेटवर्क ऑफ रेजिस्टेन्स) मध्ये बॅटीमधून _________ विध्यूतधारा वाहिल. In the network of resistances shown below, Current through the battery will be _________.

The resistors form a Wheatstone bridge: 2 Ω and 4 Ω on one path, 1 Ω and 2 Ω on the other, with the 3 Ω across the middle. Since 2/1 = 4/2 the bridge is balanced, so no current flows through the 3 Ω. The two paths are 2 + 4 = 6 Ω and 1 + 2 = 3 Ω in parallel, giving 6 × 3 / 9 = 2 Ω. The current from the 2 V battery is 2 / 2 = 1.0 A.

खालीलपैकी कोणती भौतिक राशी टकरीच्या दरम्यान अक्षय राहते ? Which physical quantity conserved during collision ?

According to the Law of Conservation of Momentum, the total momentum of a system of colliding objects remains constant before and after the collision (in the absence of external forces).

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या निरीक्षणामध्ये विश्व स्थिर नसून ते विस्तारीत आहे याबद्दल पुष्टी मिळते ? Which of the following confirms that the universe is not static but expanding ?

The red shift in the light coming from distant galaxies indicates that galaxies are moving away from us, which confirms that the universe is expanding (Hubble's Law).

_____________ या प्रक्रियेत न्यूट्रीनो कण उत्सर्जित होतो. Neutrino particle is emitted in the process of _____________.

During beta decay, a neutron transforms into a proton while emitting an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino, or a proton into a neutron emitting a positron and a neutrino.

तापमान वाढीचा परिणाम वायूच्या मितप्रवाहीपणा/स्निग्धता (viscosity) वर कसा होतो ? What is the effect of increase in temperature on viscosity of gases ?

Unlike liquids where viscosity decreases with temperature, the viscosity of gases increases with an increase in temperature because higher temperature increases molecular collision rates and momentum transfer.

जर संरक्षक पेशीमध्ये ____________ घटक जमा झाले तर रंध उघडेल. Stomata will open if there is accumulation of the following element in the guard cells ____________.

Stomatal opening is driven by the active uptake of potassium (K+) ions into guard cells, which lowers their water potential and causes water to enter osmotically, making them turgid and opening the pore.

सायट्रस (लिंबू) कॅन्कर हा रोग कोणत्या प्रकारच्या रोगजनकामुळे (Pathogen) होतो ? Citrus canker is caused by which type of pathogen ?

Citrus canker is a plant disease affecting citrus species, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.

स्प्रायरोगायरा या शैवालासंबंधी खालीलपैकी कोणती विधाने अचूक आहेत ? Which of the following statements are correct regarding Spirogyra algae ?

Spirogyra is a filamentous green alga commonly known as pond scum. It possesses spiral-shaped chloroplasts and belongs to the family Zygnemataceae. It primarily grows in fresh water, not marine water.

स्क्लेराईडसच्या श्रेणी ________ आहेत. अ. मॅक्रोस्क्लेराईडस ब. ओस्टिओस्क्लेराईडस क. ट्रॅकिड्स ड. अॅस्टेरोस्क्लेराईडस वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान/विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? The categories of sclereids are ________. a. Macrosclereids b. Osteosclereids c. Tracheids d. Asterosclereids Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Sclereids are a type of sclerenchymatous cells with thick secondary walls. Categories include macrosclereids, osteosclereids, and asterosclereids, whereas tracheids are water-conducting xylem elements, not sclereids.

खालीलपैकी हार्मोन्सचा कोणता संच मासिक पाळीचे नियमन करतात ? Which of the following sets of hormones regulate menstrual cycle ?

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis hormones: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estrogen, and Progesterone.

कोणत्या झाडाच्या फूले, पाने व बिया वापरून 'मारीजुहाना' हे अंमली पदार्थ तयार करतात ? Flowers, leaves and seeds of which plant are used to prepare a narcotics 'Marijuana' ?

Marijuana (cannabis) is derived from the flowers, leaves, and seeds of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.

मानवी जीनोम प्रकल्प 1990" चे मुख्य उद्दिष्ट/ष्टे हे होते

The primary goal of the Human Genome Project (1990) was to identify all the 20,000 to 25,000 genes in human DNA and determine the sequences of the 3 billion (not 5 billion) chemical base pairs.

प्रोकेरीओटमधील आनुवंशिक कोडमधील एन-फॉर्मिल मिथीओनिनासाठी प्रारंभिक कोड कोणता ?

In prokaryotes, the initiation codon for translation that codes for N-formylmethionine is AUG.

ऊर्जा उत्पादनासाठी खालीलपैकी कोणता/ते पर्याय कोणत्याही स्वरूपात कार्बनचा वापर करीत नाहीत ?

Geothermal energy (भूऔष्णिक स्रोत) is harnessed from the earth's internal heat and does not involve the combustion of carbon or release of greenhouse gases, unlike wood, biogas (which contains methane), and coal.

मॅग्नेशियम क्लोराइड ह्या संयुगाची निर्मिती करताना मॅग्नेशियम व क्लोरीनच्या अणूंमध्ये कोणता रासायनिक बंध तयार होतो ? / Which chemical bond is formed between Mg and Cl atoms during formation of compound MgCl2?

Magnesium is a metal with 2 valence electrons that it donates, and Chlorine is a non-metal that accepts electrons, forming an ionic bond (electrovalent bond) through complete transfer of electrons.

व्यावसायिक तंतूंच्या उत्पादनात लकरीला पर्याय म्हणून खालीलपैकी कोणाचा वापर केला जातो ? / Which of the following is used as a substitute for wool in the production of commercial fibers?

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic polymer used as a substitute for wool in the production of commercial synthetic fibers like Orlon or acrylic.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या औषधाचे वर्गीकरण वेदनाशामक आणि ज्वरशामक असे केले जाऊ शकते ? / Which of the following medicine can be classified as both Analgesics and Antipyretics?

Paracetamol acts both as an analgesic (relieves pain) and an antipyretic (reduces fever), making it a dual-purpose medicine.

योग्य जोड्या लावा : अ. मोनोसॅकराइड ब. डायसॅकराइड क. ट्रायसॅकराइड ड. पॉलीसॅकराइड Match the correct pairs : A. Monosaccharide B. Disaccharide C. Trisaccharide D. Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide matches with Glucose (iii), Disaccharide matches with Sucrose (iv), Trisaccharide matches with Raffinose (i), and Polysaccharide matches with Starch (ii).

हायड्रोजनचे समस्थानिके आणि त्यांचे अनुक्रमे वस्तुमान गुणोत्तर ________ आहे. The isotopes of hydrogen and their respective mass ratio are ________.

The isotopes of hydrogen are Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium, with mass numbers 1, 2, and 3 respectively, giving a mass ratio of 1 : 2 : 3.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या घटना दुरुस्ती कायद्याने 'महानगर नियोजन समितीच्या' स्थापनेची तरतुद केली आहे ? / Which of the following Constitution Amendment Acts provided for the formation of the 'Metropolitan Planning Committee'?

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 added Part IX-A to the Constitution, providing for the establishment of urban local bodies including Metropolitan Planning Committees.

भारतीय घटना समिती अंतर्गत स्थापन करण्यात आलेल्या विविध समिती व तिचे अध्यक्ष यांच्या अयोग्य जोड्या ओळखा. / Identify the incorrect pair/s of the various Committees constituted under the Indian Constituent Assembly and its Chairmen.

The Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities etc. was headed by Vallabhbhai Patel, but the Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee was headed by J.B. Kripalani, making statements C and D incorrectly matched/swapped.

खालीलपैकी योग्य विधान/ने निवडा. अ. उपराष्ट्रपती, ज्या दिनांकास आपले पद ग्रहण करील त्या दिनांकापासून पाच वर्षाच्या अवधीपर्यंत ते पद धारण करील. ब. उपराष्ट्रपती, राष्ट्रपतीस संबोधून आपल्या पदाचा सहीनिशी लेखी राजीनामा देऊ शकेल. क. लोकसभाभेच्या त्यावेळेच्या सर्व सदस्यांच्या बहुमताने पारित झालेल्या आणि राज्यसभेने संमत केलेल्या ठरावाद्वारे उपराष्ट्रपतीस त्यांच्या पदावरून दूर करता येईल. Select the correct statement/s from the following. A. The Vice-President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. B. A Vice-President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office. C. A Vice-President may be removed from his office by a resolution of House of the People passed by a majority of all the then members of the House of People and approved by the Council of States.

Statements A and B are correct as per Article 67 regarding the Vice-President's term and resignation. Statement C is incorrect because a Vice-President is removed by a resolution of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) passed by a majority of all then members and agreed to by the House of the People (Lok Sabha), not the other way around.

अँग्लो-इंडियन समुदायासाठी तरतुदींबाबत खालीलपैकी अयोग्य विधान/ने ओळखा. Identify the incorrect statement/s from the following about provisions for Anglo-Indian Community.

Article 335 relates to claims of SCs and STs to services and posts, not Anglo-Indian representation in Legislative Assemblies (which was under Article 333, now defunct). Thus, statement A is incorrect.

खालीलपैकी कोणते भारताच्या राज्यघटनेतील भाग I मधील कलम 1 ते 4 शी संबंधित आहे/आहेत ? Which of the following are related to Article 1 to 4 of Part I of the Constitution of India ?

Articles 1 to 4 of Part I of the Indian Constitution deal with the Union and its territory, defining the name, territory, and admission or establishment of new states.

भारताच्या राज्यघटनेतील अनुच्छेद 371 व त्याच्या उप-अनुच्छेदुसार विशेष दर्जा नसलेली राज्ये ओळखा. Identify the States without special status under Article 371 and its Sub-Articles of the Constitution of India.

Tripura and Jharkhand do not have special constitutional provisions under Article 371 and its sub-articles, unlike states like Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, and Mizoram.

स्वातंत्र्यानंतरचा पहिला लोक अदालत कॅम्प 1982 साली कोणत्या राज्यात भरविण्यात आला होता ? / The First Lok Adalat Camp after Independence was held in which State in 1982 ?

The first Lok Adalat camp after independence was organized in Gujarat in March 1982 to provide alternative dispute resolution.

बी. पट्टाभी सीतारामय्या हे खालील समितीचे अध्यक्ष होते. / B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya was a Chairman of the following Committees.

B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya served as the Chairman of the House Committee and the Committee on Chief Commissioner's Provinces in the Constituent Assembly.

भारतात 'नॅशनल कमिशन फॉर प्रोटेक्शन ऑफ चाईल्ड राईट्स' (NCPCR) ची स्थापना कोणत्या वर्षी करण्यात आली ?

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was established in March 2007 under the Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005.

लैंगिक अत्याचारापासून बालकांचे संरक्षण करण्यासाठी भारतात 'प्रोटेक्शन ऑफ चिल्ड्रेन फ्रॉम सेक्युअल ऑफेन्सेस' (पोक्सो) कायदा कोणत्या वर्षी लागू करण्यात आला ?

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act was enacted and came into force in India in the year 2012.

राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोगाची स्थापना भारतात केव्हा झाली ?

National Commission for Women (NCW) was set up as a statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.

खालीलपैकी कोणती कार्ये 24 जानेवारी, 1950 रोजी संविधान सभेने केली आहेत ? Which of the following functions were performed by Constituent Assembly on January 24, 1950 ?

On January 24, 1950, the Constituent Assembly adopted the National Anthem, National Song, and elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President. The National Flag was adopted earlier on July 22, 1947.

खालीलपैकी योग्य विधाने ओळखा. Select the correct statements from the following.

The Constituent Assembly was formed under the Cabinet Mission Plan in Nov 1946, and the Cabinet Mission rejected the demand for two separate constituent assemblies. Statement C is wrong because the Muslim League rejected the Cripps Proposal.

आधुनिक संविधानवाद या संकल्पनेची सुरुवात कोणत्या देशात झाली ? / In which country, the concept of Modern Constitutionalism was started ?

The concept of Modern Constitutionalism originated in the United States with the adoption of the written US Constitution in 1787.

खालीलपैकी योग्य विधान/ने ओळखला. / Identify the correct statement/s from the following.

Under Article 57, a person who holds or has held office as President is eligible for re-election. However, statement b is incorrect because a presidential candidate must be qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha.

खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर आहे ? / Which of the following statement is correct ?

Recent National Water Awards statements regarding notification dates, categories, or inception years are often factually tweaked in exams. Here all given statements are incorrect based on the factual timeline of the awards.

गुकेश डी. हे देशातील सर्वात उत्कृष्ट बुद्धिबळपटूपैकी एक आहेत. त्यांची कामगिरी अशी आहे, — अ. 2024 मध्ये सिंगापूर येथे झालेल्या FIDE जागतिक बुद्धिबळ स्पर्धेत सुवर्णपदक मिळविले. ब. 2024 मध्ये सिंगापूर येथे झालेल्या FIDE 45 व्या बुद्धिबळ ऑलिंपियाड (ओपन टीम) मध्ये सुवर्णपदक मिळविले. क. 2024 मध्ये बुडापेस्ट येथे झालेल्या FIDE 45 व्या बुद्धिबळ ऑलिंपियाड (वैयक्तिक) मध्ये सुवर्णपदक मिळविले. वरील कथने लक्षात घ्या आणि योग्य कथने ओळखखा. Gukesh D. is one of the most outstanding chess player of the country. His achievements are, — A. Gold medal in FIDE World Chess Championship held in Singapore in 2024. B. Gold medal in FIDE 45th Chess Olympiad (Open Team) held in Singapore in 2024. C. Gold medal in FIDE 45th Chess Olympiad (Individual) held in Budapest in 2024. Consider the above statements and select the correct statements.

Gukesh D. won the gold medal in the FIDE 45th Chess Olympiad (Individual) at Budapest in 2024 and also contributed to the team's historic success, but did not win a gold medal at a separate Singapore FIDE World Chess Championship in 2024.

योग्य विधान/विधाने ओळखा : अ. भारतामध्ये 22 जानेवारी 'राष्ट्रीय बालिका दिन' म्हणून साजरी केला जातो. ब. राष्ट्रीय बालिका दिन हा 2008 पासून बालिकेच्या अधिकार जागृतीसाठी साजरी केला जातो. क. बेटी बचाओ बेटी पढाओ योजना 2015 मध्ये सुरू करण्यात आली.

National Girl Child Day is celebrated in India on January 24 (not January 22), making statement 'a' incorrect. Statements 'b' (celebrated since 2008) and 'c' (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao launched in 2015) are correct.

जोड्या लावा (ब्रिक्स शिखर परिषद) :

Matching BRICS summits correctly requires knowing the sequence of recent host countries and summit numbers (e.g., 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, etc.).

अक्षय अन्न योजने मध्ये लाभार्थ्यांना खालीलपैकी कोणती वस्तू मोफत मिळेल ? / Which of the following items will receive free of cost to the beneficiaries of Akshay Anna Yojana ?

Akshay Anna Yojana is a welfare initiative designed to provide essential food items like rice, sugar, red chilli powder, turmeric, and jowar free of cost to eligible beneficiaries in Maharashtra.

भगवान बिरसा मुंडा जोड रस्ते योजनेविषयची योग्य विधाने ओळखा. / Identify the correct statements regarding Bhagwan Birsa Munda Road Linking Scheme.

Bhagwan Birsa Munda Road Linking Scheme is a Maharashtra government initiative specifically aimed at connecting remote tribal villages, primary health centers, and ashram schools with main roads. Statement d is incorrect because the scheme was not discontinued in January 2025.

मालदिव मध्ये एप्रिल 2024 मध्ये झालेल्या सार्वत्रिक निवडणुकीमध्ये कोणत्या राजकीय पक्षाचा विजय झाला ? / Which party has won in the General elections of Maldives held in April 2024 ?

In the April 2024 Maldives parliamentary elections, President Mohamed Muizzu's party, the People's National Congress (PNC), achieved a landslide victory.

सिंधु जल करार 1960 नुसार भारत ______ नद्यांचे पाणी वापरू शकतो. / According to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, India uses water of ______ rivers.

According to the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) were allocated to Pakistan, and the eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, Ravi) were allocated to India.

भारतीय अर्थसंकल्प प्रक्रियेेत 'गिलोटिन' चा अर्थ काय आहे ? / What is the meaning of 'guillotine' in the Indian Budget Process ?

In the Indian parliamentary budget process, 'guillotine' refers to the parliamentary procedure where the speaker puts all remaining demands for grants to vote together without further discussion once the allocated time for discussion expires.

मारूती चितमपल्ली यांनी खालीलपैकी कोणते ग्रंथ लिहीले आहेत ? / Which of the following books are written by Maruti Chitampalli ?

Maruti Chitampalli is a renowned Marathi naturalist, writer, and forester. 'Ratva', 'Pakhar Maya', and 'Chakwa Chandan' are among his famous literary works on nature and wildlife.

भारताच्या राष्ट्रपती द्रौपदी मुर्मू यांनी 24 जानेवारी, 2024 रोजी कोणत्या ठिकाणी कौशल भवन या कौशल्य विकास आणि उद्योजकता मंत्रालयाच्या नवीन इमारतीचे उद्घाटन केले ? / The President of India Draupadi Murmu inaugurated Kaushal Bhawan the new building at the ministry of skill development and entrepreneurship, on 24th January, 2024 at

President Draupadi Murmu inaugurated Kaushal Bhawan, the new building for the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, in New Delhi on January 24, 2024.

खालीलपैकी योग्य विधान/विधाने ओळखा : / Select the correct statement/s from the following :

The Union Budget 2025-26 introduced the Nuclear Energy Mission focused on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), proposed amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, and aimed to attract foreign investments.

खालीलपैकी योग्य विधान/ने ओळखखा : Select the correct statement/s from the following :

In August 2024, INS Vikrant was officially commissioned/affiliated with the Indian Navy's Western Naval Command. Statement B is incorrect because INS Vikrant was built in Kochi (Cochin Shipyard, Kerala), not Tamil Nadu.

भारताचे मुख्य न्यायाधीश भूषण गवई यांच्या बाबत काय खरे नाही ? Chief Justice of India, Bhushan Gawai which is not true about him ?

Justice Bhushan Gavai was appointed as a Supreme Court judge in May 2019. Statement 3 is incorrect because he served as a judge of the Bombay High Court and was appointed as Government Pleader earlier, but the specific detailed date or designation context in statement 3 contains incorrect official facts compared to his actual judicial career milestones.