Every Basic Concepts question MPSC has actually asked in Economy, 2013–2025 — 16 questions, each with the correct answer from the official MPSC key and a full explanation. Newest papers first.
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. Many people are technically proficient but poor listeners, unable to understand the needs of others or weak at managing conflicts. Because managers get things done through other people, they must have good human skills.
Managers must have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. These tasks require conceptual skills. Decision making, for instance, requires managers to identify problems, develop alternative solutions to correct those problems, evaluate those alternative solutions, and select the best one. After they have selected a course of action, managers must be able to organize a plan of action and then execute it. The ability to integrate new ideas with existing processes and innovate on the job are also crucial conceptual skills for today's managers.
खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर आहे ? / Which of the following statement is correct ?
(a)बरेज लोक तांत्रिक कौशल्यामध्ये निपुण असतात परंतु ते चांगले श्रोते नसतात. / Many people are good at technical skills but not good listeners.
(b)व्यवस्थापक इतर लोकांद्वारे कामे करतात. / Managers do things through other people.
(c)व्यवस्थापकांकडे चांगली मानवी कौशल्ये असणे आवश्यक नाही. / Managers don't necessarily have good human skills.
1)फक्त अ / Only A
2)अ आणि ब / A and B✓ Correct
3)अ आणि क / A and C
4)अ, ब आणि क / A, B and C
Many people possess strong technical skills but lack listening abilities. Managers achieve organizational goals by working through other people and require robust human skills.
खालील विधानांचा विचार करा : / Consider the following statements :
(a)व्यवस्थापक इतर लोकांद्वारे कामे करतात. / Managers do things through other people.
(b)व्यवस्थापकांकडे चांगली मानवी कौशल्ये असणे आवश्यक आहे. / Managers must have good human skills.
1)विधान अ बरोबर, ब चूक / Statement A is correct, B is false
2)विधान अ आणि ब दोन्ही चूक / Statements A and B are both false
3)वरीलपैकी विधान अ आणि ब बरोबर असून ब विधानाचे अ कारण आहे / Of the above statements A and B are correct and A is the reason for statement B✓ Correct
4)वरीलपैकी विधान अ आणि ब चूक असून ब विधानाचे अ कारण आहे / Out of the above statements A and B are false and A is the reason for statement B
Managers working through other people (Statement A) is a direct consequence and application of possessing and applying good human skills (Statement B). Thus both are correct and A explains B.
भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेबाबत खालील विधाने विचारात घेऊन योग्य पर्याय निवडा. / Consider the following statements and choose the correct option regarding Indian economy.
(a)जागतिकीकरणानंतर भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेतील बदल लक्षात घेता 'ट्रिकल डाऊन थिअरी' भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेला तंतोतंत लागू होते.
(b)जागतिकीकरणानंतर विशेषतः 2005 पासून, भारताने गाठलेला उच्च विकास दर 'ट्रिकल डाऊन थिअरी' वर प्रश्नचिन्ह उपस्थित करतो.
1)विधान अ बरोबर आहे
2)विधान ब बरोबर आहे✓ Correct
3)दोनों विधाने अ व ब बरोबर आहेत
4)दोनों विधाने अ व ब चुकीची आहेत
Trickle-down theory suggests economic growth automatically benefits all strata of society. However, high post-2005 growth rates in India accompanied by rising economic inequality question the validity of this theory, making statement (b) correct.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
Regional disparities in Maharashtra reflect the limitations of trickle-down growth.
खालीलपैकी कोणता/कोणते घटक उत्पादनाच्या पद्धतीमुळे प्रभावित होतो/होतात ? / Which of the following factor(s) is/are affected by the mode of Production ?
(a)विचारधारा / Ideology
(b)मानसशास्त्र / Psychology
(c)सामाजिक संरचना / Social Structure
(d)वरीलपैकी एकही नाही / None of the above
1)(a), (b) आणि (c) / (a), (b) and (c)✓ Correct
2)(a) आणि (c) / (a) and (c)
3)(c) आणि (d) / (c) and (d)
4)फक्त (d) / Only (d)
According to sociological and economic theories (like Marxism and institutional economics), the mode of production shapes ideology, individual psychology, and overall social structure.
भारतीय समस्यांचा अभ्यास करण्यासाठी सन् 1995 मध्ये डॉ. आबीद हुसेन यांच्या अध्यक्षतेखाली __________ समिती स्थापन करण्यात आली. / To study the problems of India in the year 1995 __________ committee was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Abid Hussain.
1)शिक्षण / Education
2)कृषी / Agriculture
3)मोठे उद्योग / Large Industry
4)लघु उद्योग / Small Industry✓ Correct
The Abid Hussain Committee was established in 1995 specifically to examine and recommend measures for the development and problems of Small Scale Industries (SSIs) in India.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
Crucial for understanding MSME policies which heavily impact Maharashtra's industrial sector.
अर्थशास्त्र हे कुबेराची पूजा करणारे शास्त्र आहे अशी टीका कोणी केली आहे ? / Who has criticized that economics is a Kuber worshiping science ?
1)रिकार्डो व माल्थस / Ricardo and Malthus
2)किन्स व कार्ल मार्क्स / Keneys and Karl Marks
3)कार्लाईल व रस्कीन् / Karlail and Raskin✓ Correct
4)चेंबर्लीन व रॉबिन्सन / Chamberlein and Robinsons
Classical critics like Thomas Carlyle and John Ruskin criticized classical economics, famously calling it a 'dismal science' and 'Kuber worshiping science' due to its excessive focus on wealth accumulation.
🏛️ The Maharashtra angle
Part of foundational economics concepts in MPSC mains syllabus.
वर्ष 2021-22 मध्ये एकूण उपभोग 7% ने वाढेल असा अंदाज आहे कारण,
Total consumption is estimated to grow by 7 per cent in 2021-22 because of
1)सरकारने खर्चात केलेली भरीव योगदाने / Significant contributions from government spending
2)कोरोना महामारीपूर्व कालापेक्षा स्थूल स्थिर भांडवल निर्मिती अधिक / Gross Fixed Capital Formation exceeded pre-pandemic levels
3)वस्तू आणि सेवा निर्यात 2021-22 मध्ये अपवादात्मककरिता प्रबळ / Exports of both goods and services have been exceptionally strong
4)वरील सर्व / All the above✓ Correct
Total consumption was estimated to grow significantly in 2021-22 due to multiple macroeconomic growth drivers including strong government spending, recovery in gross fixed capital formation, and robust exports of goods and services post-pandemic.
The whole passage defines non-probability (deliberate, purposive, judgement) sampling, discusses its risk of bias and where it is still used, and gives quota sampling as an example. Its central idea is non-probability sampling.
मुद्दाम निवडलेल्या नमुन्याच्या विश्लेषणावर आधारित निष्कर्ष विश्वसनीय असू शकतात. जर :
Results obtained from an analysis of a deliberately selected sample may be reliable if :
(a)संशोधक पूर्वग्रहदूषित नसतील तर.
(b)संशोधक अनुभवी असतील तर.
(c)संशोधकांनी अनुकूल नमुना निवडला तर.
(d)संशोधकांनी सांख्यिकी पद्धती वापरल्या तर.
1)वरील सर्व पर्याय योग्य आहेत. / All of the above are correct.
2)फक्त (a), (b) आणि (c) हे योग्य पर्याय आहेत. / Only (a), (b) and (c) are correct.
3)फक्त (a) आणि (b) हे योग्य पर्याय आहेत. / Only (a) and (b) are correct.✓ Correct
4)वरीलपैकी कोणताही पर्याय योग्य नाही. / None of the above are correct.
Results from a deliberately selected (purposive/quota) sample can only be reliable if the researcher is unbiased (a) and experienced (b). Statistical methods alone cannot correct a biased purposive sample.
इ.स. 2018 मध्ये अर्थशास्त्राचे नोबेल पारितोषिक कोणाला मिळाले की ज्यांनी शाश्वत व दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक विकासामध्ये योगदान देणारे लिखाण केले.
To whom is the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2018 awarded for their contribution in sustainable and long term economic development?
a)प्रा. सोलो आणि संम्युअलसन / Prof. Solo and Samuelson
b)गुन्नार मिर्ढाल आणि प्रा. राजन / Gunnar Myrdal and Prof. Rajan
c)प्रा. विल्यम नॉर्दस आणि प्रा. पॉल रोमर / Prof. Willam Nordhaus and Prof. Paul Romer✓ Correct
d)प्रा. अमर्त्य सेन आणि प्रा. बसू / Prof. Amartya Sen and Prof. Basu
William Nordhaus and Paul Romer were awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics for integrating climate change and technological innovations into long-term macroeconomic analysis.
'Communication Technology' has been the single most important economic force shaping all societies over the past half-century with geography, national borders and time zones becoming irrelevant with 'the new communication revolution'. In today's changing world, global electronic commerce is growing so fast and creating new opportunities for trade that no country can afford to miss it. Such explosive innovations and developments in science and technology have deeply influenced the direction and trends in international trade.
The role of international trade in the process of economic development is widely recognized. International trade brings a variety of static and dynamic gains and thus increases the capacity for development. Larger the volume of trade, greater is the potential for development. Economic history finds success stories of various countries, which were relatively underdeveloped at one time but were converted to the category of developed countries through foreign trade.
Trade is as old as human society itself, as no man, and more so, no society, can ever be self-sufficient. In ancient times trade was in the form of barter, but afterwards, not only did trade change from barter to money, but from a stroke of a computer keyboard, people could enter into a transaction not only in goods and services but also in stocks and bonds, financial lending and national and international currency dealing from one corner to another corner of the world.
Export promotion being one of the main facets of fast and steady growth, considerable attention has been given to export incentives since the nineteen sixties. It has been realized that "export growth is not a luxury" for India. It is a prerequisite for adequate foreign exchange earnings, to maintain the tempo of economic development without sacrificing the country's self-reliance. However, exports can play an effective role "as an engine of economic growth" in Indian conditions.
Export trade is a vital variable in the Indian economic situation. It plays a paramount role in Indian economic development. It is indeed exports that activate the use of unexploited natural and human resources, break the limitations of the domestic market, strengthen and organize the stagnant economy and minimize the dependence on foreign aid, which, since long is believed to accelerate the pace of economic transformation.
Exports are a key factor in the development process of any economy. The logical grounds can be considered in terms of both, the direct and indirect gains of exports in a developing economy like India.
संगणक तंत्रज्ञानामुळे लोक याही बाबतीत व्यापार करू लागले
Due to computer technology, people have also entered into the trade of
1)वस्तू व सेवा / Goods and services
2)मानवी साधन संपत्ती / Human resources
3)नैसर्गिक साधन संपत्ती / Natural resources
4)राष्ट्रीय व आंतरराष्ट्रीय चलन / National and international currencies✓ Correct
Computer technology and internet have enabled global e-commerce and digital trade across borders, connecting buyers and sellers worldwide.
Socialist ideology fundamentally critiques capitalism, arguing that private ownership of industries leads to the exploitation of workers by capitalists who extract surplus value.
पुढील दोन विधानांपैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ?
अ. उपदाने ही उपचार म्हणून स्टेरॉइड्स सारखी असतात.
ब. स्टेरॉइड्स टिकून राहणारा इलाज श्वासित करतात.
Which of the following two statements is/are correct ?
a. Subsidies are akin to steroids as prescriptions.
b. Steroids promise enduring cure.
(a)उपदाने ही उपचार म्हणून स्टेरॉइड्स सारखी असतात. / Subsidies are akin to steroids as prescriptions.
Subsidies act like steroids because they provide immediate economic relief or stimulus, but over-reliance can create dependency and distortions, similar to how steroids work in medicine.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय नाणेनिधीसंदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान सत्य आहे ?
Which one of the following statements is correct, regarding the International Monetary Fund ?
1)आ.रा.ना.नि. कोणत्याही देशाला कर्ज देते / IMF grants loans to any country.
2)आ.रा.ना.नि. फक्त विकसित देशांना कर्ज देते / IMF grants loans to only developed countries.
3)आ.रा.ना.नि. फक्त सदस्य राष्ट्रांना कर्ज देते / IMF grants loans only to member countries.✓ Correct
4)आ.रा.ना.नि. फक्त राष्ट्रांच्या मध्यवर्ती बँकेस कर्ज देते / IMF grants loans to the central bank of a country.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) specifically provides financial assistance and loans exclusively to its member countries to help overcome balance of payment difficulties.