MPSC Rajyaseva 2014 — GS Paper 1

खालीलपैकी कोणती नाटके हर्षवर्धनाने लिहीली ? (i) प्रियदर्शिका (ii) रत्नावली (iii) नागानंद Which of the following plays were written by Harshavardhan ? (i) Priyadarsika (ii) Ratanavali (iii) Nagananda

Emperor Harshavardhana was a noted playwright and Sanskrit scholar who authored three famous Sanskrit plays: Priyadarsika, Ratnavali, and Nagananda.

काँग्रेस स्थापनेसंदर्भातील 'सुरक्षा झडप सिद्धांता' ला 'दंतकथा' संबोधून कोणी नाकारले आहे ? Who has rejected the 'Safety Valve Theory' about the foundation of the Congress calling it the 'myth' ?

Historians and leaders like Bipan Chandra and others have debated the Safety Valve Theory. However, specific scholarly rejections call it a myth, and options in MPSC point to comprehensive historiography.

त्याला ''निजाम-उल-मुल्क" हा किताब देण्यात आला होता. त्याला दखणचा गव्हर्नर म्हणून नेमण्यात आले होते. त्याने आसफ जाही राजघराणे स्थापन केले. त्याच्या उत्तराधिकाऱ्यांना हैदराबादचे निजाम म्हणून ओळखले जाते. त्याला ओळखा ? He was given the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk. He was made the Governor of the Deccan. He founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty. His successors are called the Nizams of Hyderabad. Identify him :

Qamar-ud-din Khan, bearing the title Nizam-ul-Mulk and Asaf Jah, founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty and became the first Nizam of Hyderabad.

मराठा साम्राज्यात मुळतः काही अंडीवा होत्या ज्यामुळे त्यांचा अध:पात झाला. पुढीलपैकी कोणती त्यातील एक नव्हती ? / The Maratha power suffered from certain basic weaknesses which led to its downfall. Which of the following was not one among them ?

The decline of the Maratha Empire was caused by systemic political alienation, predatory raids, and harsh taxation, making 'None of the above' the correct choice since all listed factors were actual weaknesses.

अजातशत्रू बाबत पुढीलपैकी कोणती विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? / Which of the following statements are true about Ajatashatru ?

Ajatashatru was also known as Kunika, integrated the Lichhavi kingdom into Magadha, and the first Buddhist council was held at Rajagriha during his reign. However, he was not the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty; Nagadaksh/Bhaṭṭiya or Udayin succeeded later, making (b) incorrect.

पुढे दिलेल्या ब्रिटिश व्यापारी केंद्रांची त्यांच्या कालक्रमानुसार मांडणी करा. पर्यायी उत्तरातून योग्य पर्याय निवडा. (i) कलकत्ता (ii) सुरत (iii) मद्रास (iv) बॉम्बे Arrange the following British trading centres in their chronological order. Choose the correct answer option. (i) Calcutta (ii) Surat (iii) Madras (iv) Bombay

The chronological order of these early British trading centers established is: Surat (1612), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690).

खालीलपैकी कोणता क्रांतिकारक विचाराने नास्तिक व समाजवादी होता ? Who, among the following revolutionaries, was an atheist and a socialist in approach ?

Bhagat Singh was well known for his revolutionary, atheist, and socialist ideology, famously articulating this in his essay 'Why I Am an Atheist'.

फैजपूर येथील काँग्रेस अधिवेशनाबाबत खालीलपैकी कोणते विधान सत्य नाही ? Which one of the following statements about the Faizpur Session of Congress is not true ?

The Faizpur Session (1936) was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, not Shankarrao Deo, making statement 4 incorrect.

आरंभकालीन राष्ट्रवाद्यांनी 20 व्या शतकातील स्वातंत्र्यचलवळीसाठी भक्कम पाया घातला : The early nationalists provided the firm foundation to the 20th century freedom movement through :

The early nationalists (Moderates) exposed the exploitative nature of British rule through their pioneering economic critique of colonialism, which served as the intellectual foundation for future mass movements.

खालील (A) आणि (B) विधाने वाचून पर्यायी उत्तरातून योग्य पर्याय निवडा. (A) भारतीय समाजव्यवस्था सात जातींमध्ये विभागल्याचा उल्लेख मेगॅस्थेनिस करतो. (B) मेगॅस्थेनिसचा जात व व्यवसाय यात गोंधळ उडालेला दिसतो. Read statements (A) and (B) and choose appropriate option from the answer options : (A) Megasthenes mentions seven castes into which the Indian society was divided. (B) Megasthenes confused castes with professions.

Megasthenes in his book 'Indica' mentioned that Indian society was divided into seven castes, but historians note that he actually mistook occupations and social classes for castes, making both statements true and (B) the correct explanation for (A).

जोड्या लावा. (उत्तरेचा योग्य पर्याय निवडा.) यादी क्र. I (a) आदिलशाही (b) निजामशाही (c) इमादशाही (d) कुतुबशाही (e) बरीदशाही (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Match the pairs. (Choose the correct answer option). List-I (a) Adil shahi (b) Nizam shahi (c) Imad shahi (d) Qutub Shahi (e) Barid Shahi (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

The correct matches for the Deccan sultanates and their capitals are: Adilshahi of Bijapur (iii), Nizamshahi of Ahmednagar (iv), Imadshahi of Berar (v), Qutubshahi of Golconda (ii), and Baridshahi of Bidar (i).

औरंगजेब नंतरच्या काळातील सर्वोच्च राजपूत राजा होता आंबरचा सवाई राजा जय सिंग ! त्याने जयपूर हे सुंदर शहर निर्माण केले. त्याने पाच ठिकाणी जंतर मंतर बांधले. पुढील किती ठिकाणी त्याने, जंतर मंतर बांधले नाही?

Sawai Jai Singh built Jantar Mantar at five places: Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Banaras. Udaipur is not one of them, making the number of excluded places two (if considering the options context).

उलेमांच्या राजकारणातील हस्तक्षेपाला तीव्र विरोध खालीलपैकी कोणी केला ?

Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq both strongly opposed the interference of Ulema (religious clerics) in state politics and administration, asserting royal authority over religious law.

जुलाई 1947 पर्यंत काही संस्थानांचा भारतीय संघराज्यात विलीन होण्यास विरोध होता त्यात पुढील संस्थाने होती : The princely states that were unwilling to join the Indian Union until July 1947 included :

By July 1947, princely states like Travancore (under Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer) and Bhopal (under Nawab Hamidullah Khan) strongly resisted joining the Indian Union, declaring independent status initially.

कार्य काळानुसार क्रमाने बाबर, हुमायून, अकबर, जहाँगीर, शाहजहान व औरंगजेब हे ग्रेट मुगल्स् म्हणून गणल्या जातात. औरंगजेबाच्या मृत्यूनंतर आलेल्या मुघल सम्राटांना ''लेटर मुगल्स्'' ''नंतरचे मुगल्स्'' म्हणून संबोधले जाते. पुढील लेटर मुगल्स्च्या त्यांच्या कालावधीप्रमाणे क्रम लावा : The Great Mughals included Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb in that chronological order. The Mughal emperors who came to the throne after the death of Aurangzeb are called the Later Mughals. Arrange the following four Later Mughals in their chronological order.

The correct chronological order of the Later Mughal emperors starting right after Aurangzeb's death in 1707 is: Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712), Jahandar Shah (1712–1713), Mohammad Shah (1719–1748), and Ahmad Shah (1748–1754).

गंगेच्या मैदानी प्रदेशाने भारतातील _______ टक्के लोक सामावून घेतले आहेत. The Ganga plains accomodate _______ percent of population of India.

The Indo-Gangetic plain is one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in the world, accommodating approximately 23% to 40+ percent depending on specific metrics, but option 2 (23%) is the standard textbook figure for its population share relative to the country.

पुढील दोन विधानांचा विचार करा. / Consider the following two statements :

Deserts are typically found in the subtropical high-pressure belts (10° to 30° latitudes) where descending air causes high atmospheric stability and dryness. In these regions, high temperatures lead to high evaporation rates which vastly exceed precipitation, resulting in arid conditions.

पुढील कोणते विधान चुकीचे आहे ? / Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

Statement (c) is incorrect because 'Misl' refers to the confederacies or political military units of the Sikh community in Punjab, not the Rajputs. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi correctly define Maratha revenue collection systems.

जोड्या लावा : स्तंभ A (a) हवाईचा प्रकार (b) स्ट्रेबोलियन प्रकार (c) व्हल्कॅनियर प्रकार (d) पेलीयन प्रकार स्तंभ B (i) मोठ्या वेगाने उफाळतो (ii) अति प्रक्षोभक (iii) शांतपणे उफाळतो (iv) सतत उफाळतो Match the following : Column A (a) Hawaiian Type (b) Strombolian (c) Vulcanian (d) Peleean Type Column B (i) Erupt with great force (ii) Most violent (iii) Erupt quietly (iv) Erupt continuously

Volcano types match their eruptive characteristics: Hawaiian type erupts quietly (iii), Strombolian erupts continuously (iv), Vulcanian erupts with great force (i), and Peleean type is the most violent (ii).

जोड्या लावा : स्तंभ A (a) टोनकिनचे आखात (b) पर्शियाचे आखात (c) अकाबाचे आखात (d) ओबचे आखात स्तंभ B (i) आर्क्टिक महासागर (ii) चिनी समुद्र (iii) हिंदी महासागर (iv) तांबडा समुद्र Match the following : Column A (a) Gulf of Tonkin (b) Parsian Gulf (c) Gulf of Aquaba (d) Gulf of Ob Column B (i) Arctic Ocean (ii) China Sea (iii) Indian Ocean (iv) Red sea

Gulf of Tonkin is located in the China Sea, Persian Gulf in the Indian Ocean region/Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aqaba is part of the Red Sea, and Gulf of Ob is in the Arctic Ocean.

योग्य जोड्या जुळवून खालील पर्यायापैकी योग्य पर्याय ओळखा : जमात (a) अंगामी (b) कोटा (c) मुंडा (d) छुतिया राज्य (i) झारखंड (ii) आसाम (iii) निलगिरी पर्वत (तामिळनाडू) (iv) नागालँड Match the following pairs and choose the correct option from those given below : Tribes (a) Angami (b) Kota (c) Munda (d) Chutiya States (i) Zarkhand (ii) Assam (iii) Nilgiri mountain (Tamil Nadu) (iv) Nagaland

Angami tribe belongs to Nagaland, Kota tribe to Nilgiri mountains in Tamil Nadu, Munda tribe to Jharkhand, and Chutiya tribe to Assam.

तीज हा हिंदू सण खालीलपैकी कोणत्या देवतेस समर्पित केला जातो? Teej a Hindu festival is dedicated to which Goddess ?

Teej festival is primarily dedicated to Goddess Parvati and her reunion with Lord Shiva, celebrating monsoon and marital bliss.

चहा हा चहाच्या झाडांच्या कोवळ्या पानांपासून बनवला जातो. चायनीज जगतात प्रथम चहा पिणारे म्हणून ओळखले जातात. इंग्रजांनी 1829 मध्ये ईशान्य भारतात आसाम चहा प्रथम शोधला. जगातील लोकप्रिय चहा प्रकार आहेत :

Tea varieties are generally categorized based on plant types and origins, but the specific descriptions given in statements (a) large leaf Chinese tea and (b) small leaf Assam tea are inverted (Chinese tea is typically smaller leaved/Camellia sinensis sinensis, and Assam tea has larger leaves/Camellia sinensis assamica). Thus, both statements are incorrect.

पुढील दोन विधानांचा विचार करा. (a) उष्ण कटिबंधीय सदाहरित वने : एका विशिष्ट जातीची विखुरलेली झाडे उदा. शिसव. (b) उष्णकटिबंधीय कदापर्णी वने : झाडांच्या प्रजाती कमी परंतु एकमेकांच्या जवळ उदा. साग. आता सांगा की : Consider the following two statements : (a) Tropical Evergreen forests : Scattered distribution of one particular species of tree eg. Rosewood. (b) Tropical Deciduous Forests : They have fewer species but they are found in close proximity eg. Teak. Now state whether :

Tropical Evergreen forests feature scattered distribution of multiple diverse species including trees like Rosewood, while Tropical Deciduous forests have fewer species found in close proximity like Teak.

चेन्नईजवळ 'एन्नोर' हे बंदर नव्याने विकसित झाले आहे, हे देशातील ________ वे मोठे बंदर असून पूर्व किनाऱ्यावरील ________ वे मोठे बंदर आहे. Newly developed 'Ennore' port near Chennai is the ________ th largest port in the country and ________ th largest port on the eastern coast.

Ennore port (Kamarajar Port) near Chennai is the 12th major port of India and the 6th largest port on the eastern coast.

सन 2009 मधील वनसर्वेक्षणानुसार जास्त ते कमी वनक्षेत्र अशी राज्यांची मांडणी करा : (a) अरुणाचल प्रदेश (b) महाराष्ट्र (c) मध्य प्रदेश (d) छत्तीसगढ़ Arrange the following States in descending order of their forest area, according to forest survey report 2009 : (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Maharashtra (c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Chattisgarh

According to the 2009 Forest Survey Report, among the given states, Madhya Pradesh had the highest forest cover, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra.

खालीलपैकी कोणती टेकडी पूर्व आणि पश्चिम घाटास जोडते ? (1) बिलीगिरी (2) निलगिरी (3) निमगिरी (4) नल्लामाल Which of the following hills connect Eastern and Western Ghats ? (1) Biligiri (2) Nilgiri (3) Nimgiri (4) Nallamala

The Nilgiri hills act as the crucial structural link where the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats meet.

जोड्या जुळवून योग्य पर्याय शोधा. स्थलांतरित शेती राज्य (a) झूम (i) छत्तीसगड (b) पोडू (ii) केरळ (c) पोणम (iii) आसाम (d) दहिया (iv) आंध्र प्रदेश Match the following and choose the correct option from those given below : Shifting Cultivation State (a) Jhum (i) Chhattisgarh (b) Podu (ii) Keral (c) Ponam (iii) Assam (d) Dahiya (iv) Andhra Pradesh

Shifting cultivation names match their states: Jhum in Assam (North-East), Podu in Andhra Pradesh, Ponam in Kerala, and Dahiya in Chhattisgarh.

जोड्या जुळवा आणि खालील पर्यायांपैकी योग्य पर्याय निवडा. नदी (a) शरावती (b) कावेरी (c) घटप्रभा (d) चंबळ धबधबा (i) गोकाक (ii) चुलीया (iii) शिवसमुद्रम (iv) गिरसप्पा Match the following and choose the correct option from those given below : River (a) Sharavati (b) Kaveri (c) Ghatprabha (d) Chambal Water fall (i) Gokak (ii) Chulia (iii) Shivsamudram (iv) Girsappa

Sharavati forms Girsappa (Jog Falls), Kaveri forms Shivsamudram, Ghatprabha forms Gokak, and Chambal forms Chulia waterfall.

खालीलपैकी कोणते घटक दैनिक व ऋतुपरत्वे सौरऊर्जेची तीव्रता व प्रमाण ठरवितात. Which of the following factors determine diurnal and seasonal variation in intensity and amount of solar radiation ?

Solar radiation intensity and amount vary due to multiple factors including the earth's axis inclination, the length of day and night, cloud cover, and the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.

मानवी शरीरामध्ये पाऱ्याच्या संचयनामुळे _________ हा आजार होतो. Accumulation of mercury into human body leads to _________ disease.

Accumulation of mercury in the human body causes Minamata disease, which was first reported in Japan due to industrial wastewater discharge containing mercury.

अन्नसाखळीमध्ये प्रत्येक ऊर्जास्तरावर विषारी पदार्थाच्या प्रमाणात सलग्न होणाऱ्या वाढीस _________ म्हणतात. The continuous increase in concentration of a toxicant at successive trophic levels in food chain is :

Biomagnification refers to the progressive increase in the concentration of toxic substances (like DDT or mercury) at higher trophic levels of a food chain.

कोणत्या वायूमुळे मुख्यत्वे ओझोन थराचा हास होतो ? / The main gas responsible for ozone depletion is :

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) release chlorine atoms upon UV exposure, which actively break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere, causing depletion.

परपोषी जीवामधील, मुख्यतः सूक्ष्मजीव व बुरशी मृत पेशीद्रव्यातील क्लिष्ट संयुगे फोडून त्याचे सोप्या घटकात रूपांतर करतात जे इतर जीवांना उपयुक्त ठरतात त्या परपोषीजीवांना ________ म्हणतात. / Heterotrophic organisms, chiefly bacteria and fungi that breakdown the complex compounds of dead protoplasm and release simple usable substances for other organisms are :

Heterotrophic organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down dead organic matter into simpler substances are known as decomposers or saprophytes.

भारतातील सर्वात पहिले राष्ट्रीय उद्यान ________ हे होय. / The First National Park established in India was ________.

Jim Corbett National Park, originally established as Hailey National Park in 1936, is India's first national park.

खालीलपैकी कोणते वर्ष हे भारतातील पर्यावरणसंबंधी वैधानिक कारवाईसाठी एक महत्त्वाची खूण म्हणून मानले जाते; जेव्हा राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण नियोजन आणि समन्वय समितीची स्थापना झाली ? Which of the following is considered as a land mark year in the history of legislative action in India for environment concerns during which National Committee for Environment Planning and Co-ordination (NCPPC) was set up ?

The National Committee for Environment Planning and Co-ordination (NCPPC) was established in 1972, making it a landmark year for Indian environmental legislative framework.

वृक्क साम्नु नियंत्रित कशाच्या मदतीने करतात ? Kidneys are helping to maintain pH balance by which of the following ?

Kidneys maintain blood pH balance by regulating the reabsorption and excretion of hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).

बांगलादेशमधील चक्रीवादळ जगातील सर्वात भीषण नैसर्गिक दुर्घटनांपैकी एक आहे. सुमारे 3,00,000 लोकांनी आपले प्राण गमावले, असे म्हणतात. बांगलादेशामध्ये, म्हणजे त्यावेळच्या पूर्व पाकिस्तानात ही दुर्घटना कधी घडली ? One of the worst natural disasters of the World was the cyclone struck in Bangladesh. As many as 3,00,000 people, lost their lives, it is said. When did the disaster struck Bangladesh, then East Pakistan ?

The 1970 Bhola cyclone struck East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on November 12, 1970, and remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded.

सिलिकॉन व्हॅली, कॅलिफोर्निया, यू.एस.ए. हे आजच्या जगातील सर्वांत मोठ्या सायन्स उद्यानांपैकी एक आहे कारण तेथे शेकडो हायटेक माहिती तंत्रज्ञान उद्योग वसलेले आहेत. सिलिकॉन व्हॅली बाबतच्या पुढील दोन विधानांपैकी कोणते बरोबर आहे ?

Silicon Valley in California was historically known as the 'Valley of Heart's Delight' due to its vast orchards and blossoms, making statement (a) correct. Statement (b) is inaccurate as it attributes it merely to wild flower species rather than the agricultural fruit orchards.

2011च्या मानवी विकास अहवालाने 109 देशांचा बहुआयामी दारिद्र्य निर्देशांकाचा अंदाज सादर केला. त्या अहवालानुसार या देशातील किती प्रमाणात लोकसंख्या बहुआयामी दारिद्र्य अनुभवीत आहे?

According to the 2011 Human Development Report, approximately 1/3rd of the population across the 109 countries studied experienced multidimensional poverty.

अमर्त्य सेन आणि गाउलेट डी. यांनी वर्णन केलेली विकासाची महत्वाची मूल्ये कोणती ? खालीलपैकी योग्य पर्याय निवडा. What are the core values of development as described by Amartya Sen and Goulet D ? Choose the correct option given below :

Amartya Sen and Denis Goulet identified sustenance (ability to meet basic needs), self-esteem (sense of worth), and freedom (freedom from servitude) as core values of development.

जून 2012 मधील शाश्वत विकासासाठीची रियो + 20 परिषद 'हिरवी अर्थव्यवस्था' प्रारूपाची समर्थक होती. खालीलपैकी कोणत्या लेखकांच्या पुस्तकात 'हिरव्या अर्थव्यवस्थे' ची संज्ञा रचली गेली ? The June 2012, Rio + 20 conference on sustainable development advocated the "green economy" model. In whose book the term 'green economy' was coined ?

The term 'green economy' was first coined in a 1989 landmark report by Pearce, Markandya, and Barbier titled 'Blueprint for a Green Economy'.

रेडिओ तरंगाचा वेग हा ________ असतो. The velocity of radio waves is ________

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves. All electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum at the speed of light (approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s).

2011 च्या जनगणनेप्रमाणे भारतातील किती शहरांची लोकसंख्या 10 लाखापेक्षा जास्त आहे ? According to 2011 census how many cities in India have more than 1 million population?

As per the 2011 Census, there are exactly 53 million-plus cities (urban agglomerations/cities with population > 1 million) in India.

भूसुधारणांमुळे तिहेरी (तीनपट्टी) क्रांती घडून आली खालीलपैकी योग्य पर्याय निवडा. Land reforms promote triple revolution. Choose the correct option from the following:

Land reforms in developing nations trigger a triple revolution encompassing cultural mindset shift, political empowerment, and technological adoption in farming.

2011 च्या जनगणनानुसार 2001 ते 2011 दरम्यानची स्त्री, साक्षरता दरातील वाढ खालीलपैकी किती होती ? As per the 2011 census what was the rate of improvement in female literacy during 2001 to 2011?

During the decade 2001 to 2011, female literacy in India increased significantly from 53.7% in 2001 to 65.5% in 2011.

वनस्पतींमध्ये कोणते विकर जास्त प्रमाणात आढळते ? In plants, which enzyme is found in largest quantity ?

RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on Earth and is found in largest quantities in plants.

ऑक्सश्वसनानाच्या शेवटी काय तयार होते ? The end product of aerobic respiration is :

During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

2000 सालच्या राष्ट्रीय लोकसंख्या धोरणाचे दीर्घकालीन उद्दिष्ट स्थिर लोकसंख्या साध्य करणे आहे. खालीलपैकी कोणत्या वर्षात हे उद्दिष्ट साध्य करावयाचे आहे ? The long term objective of population policy 2000 is to achieve stable population. During which of the following years this objective is targetted to be achieved ?

The National Population Policy 2000 set a long-term objective to achieve a stable population for India by the year 2045.

खालील पर्यायातून "माल्थसचा लोकसंख्येचा सापळा" ज्याच्याशी संबंधित आहे तो पर्याय निवडा. / Choose from the following options what the "Malthusian Population Trap" is related to :

The Malthusian Population Trap refers to the condition where population growth outpaces agricultural production, leading to starvation, poverty, and checks unless economic development or technological progress intervenes.

अति लघु रेडिओतरंग भट्टीचे (2.45 GHz फ्रिक्वेन्सी) फायदे काय आहेत ? / What are the advantages of Microwave oven having microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz ?

Microwave ovens (2.45 GHz) operate without open flames, preserve nutrients better due to rapid heating, and effect sterilization. However, they cause chemical/structural changes rather than mere physical changes, making (c) incorrect.

'रमन परिणाम' कशास म्हणतात ? / Raman effect is due to :

Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon by molecules, causing a change in wavelength of the scattered light.

जर एखादी जड वस्तु क्षितिज समांतर दिशेने गुळगुळीत पृष्ठभागावरून ओढली, तर त्या वस्तुवर क्रिया करणारे बल खालीलप्रमाणे असेल. / If a heavy load is pulled along a smooth horizontal surface, then the force acting on the load may be :

When a heavy load is pulled horizontally on a smooth surface, all four forces act on it: applied horizontal force, vertical downward gravitational force, opposing frictional force, and upward normal reaction force.

खालीलपैकी कार्बनचे ऑलॅट्रोप कुठले ते सांगा? / The allotropes of carbon are :

Diamond, fullerenes, graphite, and chaoite are well-known allotropes of carbon. Carbon halides are compounds, not allotropes.

ऑक्सीजन निसर्गात किती आइसोटोप्स मध्ये आढळतो? / Oxygen occurs in nature in ________ isotopic forms.

Oxygen occurs naturally in three stable isotopic forms: Oxygen-16, Oxygen-17, and Oxygen-18.

खालीलपैकी योग्य वाक्यांची निवड करा. / Choose correct statements from the following :

Sound waves travel fastest in solids (a), are longitudinal waves (c), and travel slower in gases than in liquids (d). Statement (b) is false because sound cannot travel through a vacuum at all.

वनस्पतींना द्विनामपद्धती कोणत्या वनस्पती शास्त्रज्ञाने सुरू केली ? / Which Botanist introduced the 'Binomial' nomenclature to the plants ?

Carolus Linnaeus introduced the Binomial Nomenclature system for naming plants and animals.

कोणती प्राणी पेशी मेदाचे संश्लेषण, संग्रहण आणि चयापचय करते ? / Which animal tissue synthesizes, stores and metabolizes fat ?

Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that functions primarily in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of fat (lipids) in animals.

विषाणू (व्हायरस) ______ असतात. / Viruses are :

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they are non-cellular infectious agents that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms.

खालीलपैकी विसंगत पर्याय कोणता ? / Spot the odd one out ?

In such classification questions, one option deviates fundamentally in category or function compared to the other three matching options.

फुलंमधील आवश्यक मंडळ कोणते ? / Which of the following are essential whorls of the flowers ?

The essential whorls of a flower are the androecium (male reproductive organ) and gynoecium (female reproductive organ) as they take direct part in reproduction.

यूरिया चे वहन कोण करते ? / Urea is transported by :

Urea, being a nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver, is transported through the blood plasma to the kidneys for excretion.

खालील विधानांची सत्यता पडताळा. 'अन्न संरक्षण समिती' प्रकाशन 398 द्वारा रासायनिक पदार्थाच्या अन्नप्रक्रियेतील वापर संबंधी खालील मार्गदर्शक तत्वे दिलेली आहेत. त्यांची सत्यता पडताळा. / Which of the following statements are true ? The guidelines for "the use of chemical additives in food processing" by Food Protection Committee in publication 398 include :

According to the Food Protection Committee publication 398, chemical additives include antioxidants for nutrients, antimicrobial agents and inert gases for preservation, coloring/flavoring agents for appearance, and buffers.

खालीलपैकी कुठले विधान सत्य आहे ? / Which of the following statements is true ?

Indigo-blue is a well-known natural organic dye extracted from plants. Alizarin can be natural but is commercially a synthetic anthraquinone dye, making statement (b) false as stated or vice versa depending on strict textbook definitions, but standard text treats Indigo as natural.

सुक्रोज चे पाण्याबरोबर संयोग होऊन पृथःक्करण झाल्यास समप्रमाणात कुठले मिश्रण तयार होते ? / Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields equimolar mixture of :

Hydrolysis of sucrose (a disaccharide) breaks it down into an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose.

सिमेंटची निर्मिती ही खालीलपैकी कुठल्या घटकांपासून झालेली आहे ? / The composition of cement is :

Cement is primarily composed of calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3).

कोणते मिश्रण नाही ? What is not a mixture ?

Water (H2O) is a chemical compound, not a mixture, as its constituents are combined in a fixed chemical proportion.

नायट्रोजन स्थिरीकरण मध्ये मूलभूत गरजेचे घटक नमूद करा. The fundamental requirements for nitrogen fixation are :

Biological nitrogen fixation fundamentally requires the enzyme nitrogenase, the electron donor ferredoxin, and ATP for energy. Aerobic conditions are generally unfavorable since nitrogenase is sensitive to oxygen.

डीएनयू मध्ये थायमीन हा नेहमी कुतल्या अमायनो ऑसिड शी जोडी बनवितो ? In DNA, thymine always pairs with ____________.

According to Chargaff's rules of DNA base pairing, Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds, and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

प्रथनांच्या निर्मितीत कुठल्या RNA चे महत्त्वाचे कार्य आहे ? In protein synthesis, which RNA plays an improtant role ?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) plays the primary and most direct role in protein synthesis by carrying genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes.

घटनेच्या कलम 22 अंतर्गत, काही गोष्टींचा अपवाद वगळता प्रतिबंधक स्थानबद्धते अंतर्गत जास्तीत जास्त किती काळ एखाद्या व्यक्तीला स्थानबद्ध केले जाऊ शकते ? Under Article 22 of the Constitution of India, with the exception of certain provisions stated there in, what is the maximum period for detention of a person under preventive detention ?

Under Article 22, preventive detention cannot exceed 3 months unless an advisory board authorizes an extension.

स्वतंत्र भारतात खालीलपैकी कोणती कायदेशीर तरतूद आपणास ग्रामीण सामाजिक, आर्थिक समवाटणी न्याय देण्याच्या दृष्टीने सर्वात प्रभावी वाटते ? Which of the following statutory provisions will you view as the most effective instrument of rural socio-economic distributive justice in the independent India ?

The Agricultural Land Ceiling Act directly addresses rural economic inequality by capping maximum land holdings and distributing surplus land to landless farmers, promoting distributive justice.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या घटनादुरुस्तीद्वारे राजकीय पक्षांतरावर अंकुश आणण्याचा प्रयत्न झाला ? Which one of the following amendments to the Constitution of India sought to curb political defections ?

The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 added the Tenth Schedule to the Indian Constitution, popularly known as the Anti-Defection Law, to curb political defections.

पुढील दोन विधानापैकी कोणते योग्य आहे ? / Which of the following two statements is correct ?

The chairperson and members of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) are appointed by the President on the recommendations of a six-member committee consisting of the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Leaders of Opposition in both Houses, and Union Home Minister.

राष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार आयोगाचे अध्यक्ष आणि सदस्यांची नेमणूक खालीलपैकी सदस्य असलेली समिती करते : / The Chairman and Members of the National Human Rights Commission are appointed on the recommendations of a committee consisting of :

The chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a six-member committee consisting of the Prime Minister as head, Speaker of Lok Sabha, Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Leaders of Opposition in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and the Union Home Minister.

पुढील दोन विधानांचा विचार करा : (a) आपल्या पोटात हायड्रोक्लोरिक ॲसिड निर्माण होते ते पचनक्रियेस मदत करते. अपचनात पोटात अधिक ॲसिड निर्माण होते ज्याने पोट दुखायला lagte व माणूस अस्वस्थ होतो. (b) मॅग्नेशियम हायड्रॉक्साइड (मिल्क ऑफ मॅग्नेशिया) चा वापर अशा वेळी केला जातो जे एक अर्नाजेसिक आहे. कोणते वाक्य पूर्णपणे बरोबर आहे ? Consider the following two statements : (a) Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid. It helps in digestion of food. During indigestion the stomach produces too much acid causing pain and irritation. (b) Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) is often used in the above condition which is an analgesic ? Which is a completely correct statement ?

Hydrochloric acid helps in digestion, but excess causes acidity which is neutralized by antacids like magnesium hydroxide, an antacid, not an analgesic.

खालीलपैकी कोणत्या खटल्याचा परिणाम म्हणून संसदेने 24 वी घटना दुरुस्ती कायदा संमत केला ? Which one of the following cases prompted the Parliament to enact 24th Constitutional Amendment Act ?

The Golaknath case (1967) ruled that Parliament cannot curtail fundamental rights. To override this, the Parliament enacted the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act (1971), affirming its power to amend any part of the Constitution.

काही नैसर्गिकरित्या आढळणारे acids (आम्ल) त्यांच्या स्रोतासह दिलेले आहेत. चुकीची जोडी ओळखा : (a) व्हिनेगर - अ‍ॅसिटिक अ‍ॅसिड (b) संत्री - सायट्रिक अ‍ॅसिड (c) चिंच - टार्टारिक अ‍ॅसिड (d) टोमॅटो - ऑक्झॅलिक अ‍ॅसिड (e) आंबट दूध (दही) - लॅक्टिक अ‍ॅसिड (f) लिंबू - सायट्रिक अ‍ॅसिड (g) किटकाचा डंख - मेथॅनॉइक अ‍ॅसिड (h) नेटलचा डंख - सल्फ्युरिक अ‍ॅसिड Some naturally occurring acids are given below with their sources. Identify the incorrect pair : (a) Vinegar - Acetic acid (b) Oranges - Citric acid (c) Tamarind - Tartaric acid (d) Tomatoes - Oxalic acid (e) Sour milk (curds) - Lactic acid (f) Lemons - Citric acids (g) Ant sting - Methanoic acid (h) Nettle sting - Sulphuric acid

Nettle sting contains formic acid (methanoic acid), not sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid, whereas plant stings contain organic acids.

खालील विधाने पहा : (a) लोकसभेमध्ये पारित न झालेले, परंतु राज्यसभेत प्रलंबित असलेले विधेयक, लोकसभा विसर्जित झाल्यास व्यपगत होते. (b) सदने स्थगित झाल्यास संसदेतील प्रलंबित विधेयके व्यपगत होतात. वरीलपैकी कोणते/ती विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/त?

A bill pending in the Rajya Sabha which has not been passed by the Lok Sabha does NOT lapse on the dissolution of the Lok Sabha. Also, mere adjournment of a house does not cause bills to lapse.

इंग्रजी सत्तेविरुद्ध महात्मा गांधीच्या नेतृखालील अहिंसक आंदोलनापैकी जनमानसाला गतिशिल करणारी सगळयात प्रभावी चळवळ तुमच्या मते कोणती ? / Which of the following non-violent movements led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British Raj, you would rank as the most effective to mobilize the masses ?

The Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement mobilized millions across India, with the Quit India and Civil Disobedience movements marking unprecedented mass participation.

खाली नमूद केलेली राज्ये निर्माण केल्याचा किंवा पूर्ण राज्याचा दर्जा दिल्याचा योग्य कालक्रम काय आहे ? / What is the correct chronological order in which the following states of the Indian Union were created or granted full statehood ?

Andhra Pradesh was created first in 1953, followed by Maharashtra in 1960, Nagaland in 1963, and Haryana in 1966.

नागरिकत्व कायदा 1955 अंतर्गत, खालीलपैकी कोणत्या पर्यायाद्वारे एखादी व्यक्ती भारताचा नागरिक बनू शकते? खालीलपैकी योग्य पर्याय निवडा : Under the Citizenship Act 1955, by which of the following ways can a person become a citizen of India ? Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

The Citizenship Act 1955 provides five ways to acquire citizenship: by birth (c), by descent (b), by registration (e), by naturalisation, and by incorporation of territory (a). Option (d) here says 'nationalisation' (राष्ट्रीयीकरण) — the state taking over private assets — not 'naturalisation', so it is a distractor. The correct set is therefore (a), (b), (c) and (e) — option 4.

2011 च्या जनगणनानुसार कोणत्या राज्याचा लोकसंख्या वाढीचा दर उणे होता ? Which state of India has negative population growth rate as per census 2011 ?

Nagaland was the only state in India that recorded a negative population growth rate (-0.58%) during the 2001-2011 decade according to Census 2011.

भारतातील सर्वात सर्वोच्च सन्मान ‘भारत रत्न’ पुरस्काराची सुरुवात कोणत्या वर्षापासून झाली व आतापर्यंत तो किती लोकांना देण्यात आला ? In which year ‘Bharat Ratna’, the India’s highest civilian award was instituted and how many persons have beeen honoured with this award so far ?

Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, was instituted in 1954. The number of recipients keeps updating, but historically aligns with the given milestone count in option 2 depending on the year asked.

'जयमाला शिलेदार' यांच्या बाबतच्या खालील विधानांचा विचार करा : (a) इंदूर येथे जन्म व 'संगीत अलंकार' पदवी प्रथम क्रमांकाने उत्तीर्ण. (b) 'पद्म भूषण' ने सम्मानित आणि 'संगीत नाटक अकादमी' पुरस्कार प्राप्त. वरील विधानापैकी कोणते/कोणते विधान/ने बरोबर आहे/आहेत ? Consider the following statements about 'Jaymala Shiledar'. (a) Born in Indore and obtained Degree of 'Sangeet Alankar' with First Rank. (b) Honoured with 'Padma Bhushan' and 'Sangeet Natak Academy' award. Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

Jaymala Shiledar was born in Indore and passed the 'Sangeet Alankar' degree with first rank, but she did not receive Padma Bhushan and Sangeet Natak Akademi awards as stated in (b).

विधानसभेचे कामकाज कोणत्या भाषेतून चालते ? In the Legislative Assembly the official work is carried out in which language ?

According to the constitutional provisions (Article 210) and rules of procedure, the business in the State Legislature (Legislative Assembly) is transacted in the official language of the state (Marathi), Hindi, or English.

भारत सरकारने 26 जून 2013 रोजी कोणत्या औषधावर बंदी आणली ? Which drug has been banned by the Union Government on June 26, 2013 ?

On June 26, 2013, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, banned the painkiller drug 'Analgin' due to safety concerns and adverse side effects, alongside several other fixed-dose combinations.

पुढील कोणती विधाने योग्य आहेत? Which of the following statements are correct?

All the statements are correct: birds and mammals have 4-chambered hearts to avoid mixing blood; amphibians and reptiles have 3-chambered hearts; fish have 2-chambered hearts.

खालीलपैकी कोणती जोडी चूक आहे? Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Trishul is a short-range surface-to-air missile, not a supersonic cruise missile. Therefore, pair (b) is incorrectly matched.

फॉरेस्ट रिसर्च इन्स्टिट्यूट बाबतच्या खालील विधानांचा विचार करा : (a) तिची स्थापना 'ब्रिटिश इंपिरियल फॉरेस्ट स्कूल' म्हणून 1906 मध्ये करण्यात आली होती. (b) 1947 मध्ये इंपिरियल फॉरेस्ट रिसर्च इन्स्टिट्यूट म्हणून पुनर्स्थापना करण्यात आली. (c) ती उत्तराखंडमध्ये देहरादून येथे आहे. (d) 1991 मध्ये तिला अभिमंत विद्यापीठाचा दर्जा देण्यात आला. वरीलपैकी कोणते/कोणती विधाने बरोबर आहेत ? Consider the following statements about the Forest Research Institute (India). (a) It was founded as the 'British Imperial Forest School' in 1906. (b) It was reestablished as the Imperial Forest Research Institute in 1947. (c) It is located in Dehradun (Uttarakhand). (d) It was declared as deemed university in 1991. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

The Forest Research Institute is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand and was declared a deemed university in 1991. Statements (a) and (b) contain historical inaccuracies regarding its exact initial naming/reestablishment timeline.

साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कारासंदर्भात सूची “A” व सूची “B” मधील जोड्या जुळवा. सूची-A ( व्यक्ती ) (a) श्याम मनोहर (b) वसंत डहाके (c) अशोक केळकर (d) माणिक गोडघाटे (ग्रेस) सूची-B ( पुरस्कार वर्ष ) (i) 2011 (ii) 2009 (iii) 2010 (iv) 2008 Match the list “A” with list “B” with reference to Sahitya Academy Awards : List - A (Person) (a) Shyam Manohar (b) Vasant Dahake (c) Ashok Kelkar (d) Manik Godghate List - B (Award year) (i) 2011 (ii) 2009 (iii) 2010 (iv) 2008

Matching Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Marathi literature: Shyam Manohar (2011), Vasant Dahake (2009), Ashok Kelkar (2010), Manik Godghate/Grace (2008).

अतारांकित प्रश्नाचे उत्तर किती काळात देण्याची सर्वसाधारणपणे शासनास मुभा असते ? Within what period is the Government entitled to reply an unstarred question generally ?

Unstarred questions (अतारांकित प्रश्न) in the legislature require a written answer, and the government is generally given a longer duration, typically up to 10-15 days or as per rules (often up to 10 days notice/reply window depending on house rules, though standard practice often points to extended periods compared to starred questions).

चारा घोटाळ्याच्या संदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणी राजदवे (राष्ट्रीय जनता दलाचे) प्रमुख लालू प्रसाद यादव यांना दोषी ठरविले ? / Which one of the following convicted RJD (Rashatriya Janata Dal) Chief Lalu Prasad Yadav in a fodder scam ?

Lalu Prasad Yadav was convicted in the multi-crore fodder scam cases by a Special CBI Court in Jharkhand.

मंगळाकडे (Mars) जाण्यासाठी खालील सहा देशांनी अथवा एजन्सींनी हाती घेतलेल्या मोहिमांना काळ क्रमाने लावा : (a) अमेरिका (b) रशिया (c) चीन (d) जपान (e) युरोपिय स्पेस एजंन्सी (f) भारत Give the correct chronological sequence of the missions undertaken to Mars by the six countries or agencies given below : (a) America (b) Russia (c) China (d) Japan (e) European Space Agency (f) Bharat

Russia was the first to attempt Mars missions, followed by USA, Japan, ESA, China, and India (Mangalyaan).

अरविंद केजरीवाल, दिल्लीचे नवीन मुख्यमंत्री व आम आदमी पार्टी बाबत पुढील दोन विधाने पहा : (a) ते आय.आय.टी. कानपूरचे माजी विद्यार्थी आहेत. (b) त्यांच्या पार्टीने दिल्लीच्या नुकत्याच झालेल्या निवडणुकीत 70 पैकी 29 ठिकाणी विजय प्राप्त केला. पर्याय : Consider the following two statements about Arvind Kejriwal, the new chief Minister of Delhi and the leader of Aam Aadmi Party : (a) He is an alumni of IIT Kanpur. (b) In the recent elections held in Delhi his party won 29 of the 70 seats. Options :

Arvind Kejriwal is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur (not Kanpur), and in the Delhi elections his party won 28 seats (not 29).

भारताच्या अणुऊर्जा आयोगाच्या अध्यक्षांची कालक्रमाने मांडणी करा : (a) होमी भाभा (b) राजा रामण्णा (c) एच.एन.सेठना (d) विक्रम साराभाई पर्याय : Arrange in chronological order the chairmen of Atomic Energy Commission of India ? (a) Homi Bhabha (b) Raja Ramanna (c) H.N. Sethna (d) Vikram Sarabhai Options :

Homi Bhabha was the first chairman (1948), followed by Vikram Sarabhai, then H.N. Sethna, and Raja Ramanna later.

खालीलपैकी कोणती न्यूज एजन्सी (वृत्तसंस्था) जगातील सर्वात जुनी आहे ? (1) र्युटर (इंग्लंड) (2) एजन्सी फ्रान्स-प्रेस (फ्रान्स) (एएफपी) (3) (डीपीए) डीयुश्च प्रेस-एजंजर (4) टेलीग्राफ एजन्सी ऑफ द सोव्हिएत युनियन (टास) रशिया Which one of the following news agencies is the oldest in the world ? (1) Reuters (England) (2) Agence France - Presse (France) (AFP) (3) Deutsche Presse - Agentur (DPA) (4) Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), Russia

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is widely recognized as the oldest news agency in the world, tracing its roots back to Havas agency founded in 1835.

मार्जुआना या मादक पदार्थाच्या उत्पादन व व्यापाराला कायदेशीर मान्यता देणारे राष्ट्र कोणते? The first country to legalize production and trade of marijuana is :

Uruguay became the first country in the world to fully legalize the production, sale, and consumption of marijuana (cannabis) in December 2013.

अष्टपैलू नट फारूख शेख इतक्यात त्याच्या वयाच्या 65 व्या वर्षी निवर्तला. हृदयविकाराच्या झटक्याने त्याचे मरण झाले. त्याने शतरंज के खिलाडी, नूरी, उमराव जान, चश्मे बदूर, कथा, बझार चित्रपटात चांगले काम केले. त्याच्या बद्दल पुढील दोन विधानांचा विचार करा. The versatile actor Farooq Sheikh passed away recently at the age of 65. He died of heart attack. He acted well in Shatranj Ke Khilari, Noorie, Umrao Jaan, Chasme Baddoor, Katha, Bazaar. Consider the following two statements about him.

Farooq Sheikh passed away in Dubai due to a heart attack. Statement (a) refers to a different context or show.